Yakovlev

Yakovlev _30-Mar-2004	WWW.AVIATION.RU

Yakovlev Alexander Sergeevich	`Date: Dec'95 Yakovlev Design Bureau Leningradskiy Pr., 68 Moscow, Russia 125315 Tel: 7-095-157-3162 (production), 7-095-157-5737 (design) Fax: 7-095-157-6747 Alexander Dondukov, General Designer Corporate web site`
Yoy may ask an expert Alexander Bladyco.

Read the book:
A.T.Stepanets.
"Yak Fighters in WWII"
[ISBN 5-217-01192-0]
(in russian only)
Stalin, Voroshilov, Yakovlev, etc 10.7K
Company News
See also

A.S.Yakovlev got the production base in 1934. It was a small factory with beds as the main product converted to an experimental aviation plant. Department of Light Aircrafts was created in GUAP (Head Agency of Aviation Industry) under the supervision of A.S.Yakovlev. The main idea of Yakovlev was to teach pilots on the fast monoplans just after the primary training on U-2. U-2 was the basic trainer for a long time just because the main combat aircraft R-5, I-5, and I-15 were all biplanes. But the idea was accepted and Yakovlev began the job.
See also:Russian Aviation Museum

Oddly named series
No17 - See Ya-17.
No19 - See Ya-19.
No20 - See Ya-20.
No21 - See Ya-21.
No22/BB-22 - 2/3-seat 2-engine short range bomber. M-103 (960hp), then M-105 (1050hp) engines. The first combat a/c by Yakovlev. 1939.
The a/c was first shown 01-May-1939 in Tushino. Yakovlev passed the technical docs to the plants before official recommendation of the a/c to production! He knew Stalin good enough - his a/c has shown a record speed of 567km/h (at 4900m). Production team was nicknamed KB-70. The first serial a/c was released 31-Dec-1939. First flown 20-Feb-1940. Highly technological [not hi-tech!] a/c.
Entered production as Yak-2. But VVS requested a lot of poorly motivated changes which led to the degraded quality of the a/c. Few built.
R-12 - recco version of BB-22.
Pchela - unmanned tactical recce drone.
Albatross - UCAV (recce)
Expert - 5-th generation unmanned tactical recce drone to replace "Pchela" ("bee") a/c from "Stroy-P" system.
AIR series (Named after A. I. Rykov, one of the Communist Party leaders.)
AIR-6 -
AIR-9 - Two-seat trainer. One M-11 engine. Developed in 1933 in the contest for a safe aircraft, but was not built. It was implemented (as AIR-9) in 1934 after a few modifications. Demonstrated at Paris International Air Show in 1934.
AIR-10/UT-2 20.6K (Uchebno-Trenirovochny)/AIR-20/Ya-20 - Two-seat monoplane trainer, developed from AIR-9. 7243 built. One 150hp M-11E. 1937.
More: pic.1 55.9K, pic.2 58.3K.
AIR-11 - 3-seat tourist version of AIR-10. Gypsy-Major engine (120 hp). Built in 1936 and succeded in state test flight, but didn't entered production because of lack of good engine.
I.S.Ilyushin has creashed on this a/c flying from Voronezh to Moscow due to a fault of techie, who hasn't filled oil tank. Yakovlev A.S. "Goal of Life" Poitizdat. Moscow. 1972. p.608
AIR-12 - 2-seat long range race a/c. One M-11. retractable gears. It can carry extra fuel tank in place of the passenger. Jul-1936.
21-Sep-1936 Yu.I.Piontkovski in factory test flight has flown the Moscow-Sebastopol-Kharkov route of 2000km for 10h 45m. 24-Oct-1937 pilot V.S.Grizodubova and navigator M.M.Raskova has flown the Moscow-Aktubinsk route of 1444km (M-11E of 150hp was used). Both flights were world records for that class of a/c.
AIR-14/UT-1 - Monoplane aerobatic trainer. One 100hp M-11. 1936.
1241 built in 1937-1940.
The initials AIR were those of a high-ranked member of the Bolshevik/Communist Party A. I. Rykov. When this one became the victim of one of Stalin's purges, Yakovlev quickly changed his designations... In a gear test Yu.I.Piontkovski has performed 300 landings in a day, and plus 1000 landings in a few days after - no faults!
First state tests passed in 1936 with M-11 engine. The second test passed in 1937 with M-11G (115hp) and some workaround to suit the needs of VVS. This model entered production and was later upgraded with M-11E (150hp) and with new front end (+260mm) of fuselage in 1939.
There were versions (by L.I.Sutugin, A.I.Volkov, K.A.Moskatov) equipped with machine guns, water-landing versions, etc.
The a/c has set 8 world records of altitude, speed, and distance and stood in service until 50s.
AIR-15/UT-15 - race a/c. Wing profile of A.G.Glass. Tested in beginning of 1938 and passed to TsAGI for experiments.
AIR-16 - externally similar to AIR-11, but 4-seat, closed cocpit, for Renault 220hp engine. Built in 1937. Never flown due to lack of engines.
AIR-17 - See Ya-17.
AIR-18 - version of UT-1 with Renault Bengali-4 engine. there was a water-landing version.
AIR-19 - See Ya-19. The last in AIR series!
AIR-20 - "Legend".
I series
I-25 - The first (?) fighter by Yakovlev. First flown in 1940.
I-26 - See Yak-1.
I-28 - high altitude fighter. the most speedy soviet a/c of pre-WWII times.
I-29 - Fighter version of the Ya-22. It had same folding fuselage top behind the gunner position as Ya-22 and R-12 to allow unrestricted gunner's operations and keep clean airdynamics when there is no rear thread. Two seats. Two 960hp Klimov M-103. 1939.
I-30 30.0K - All-metal fighter, development of the Yak-1/ I-26. One M-105P engine. Yak-3 designation was assigned for the first time... No production.
UT series (Uchebno-Trenirovochny)
UT-1 - See AIR-14.
UT-2 - See Ya-20.
UT-3 - See Ya-17.
UT-21 - See Ya-21.
UTI-26 - See Yak-7.
Ya series
Ya-17/UT-3/No17 - Three-seat trainer. Two 220hp MV-6 engines with French screws Ratier. Four a/c were equipped with Gipsy-VI (220hp) engines. Retractable gears. 3 ShKAS (gunner + navigator). Released 31-Dec-1937. Tested with 200kg bombs on external bays. The problems with foreign screws made Yakovlev to convert the a/c to 2-seater in 1941. Entered production, but abandoned with the begin of The War. About 20 were built.
Ya-19/AIR-19/No19 - civil version of UT-3. Passenger and medical carrier. Two MV-6. 2+5 seats. Fall 1938. Chief engineer O.K.Antonov. Tested 18..26-Oct-1939 successfully and recommended for production. Abandoned with The War begin.
Ya-20/UT-2/No20 - all-wood AIR-10 with 150hp M-11E or 140hp Renault Bengali-4. 2 hours of flight were insufficient (7 hours required) + parachute-capable seats were requested. The a/c was modified and entered production on 5 plants in 1937. After the serial production began the flat "shtopor" (sorry, i dunno the proper word. jno) phenomena was faced. With help of test pilot V.L.Rastorguev Yakovlev could make a workaround. The a/c was in service until 50s. 7243 were built in 1938-1948.
Ya-21/UT-21/aircraft No21 - Renault Bengali-6 (MV-6, 220hp) engine. Speed above 300km/h. Tested in 1939.
Ya-22 - Twin-engined fighter and reconaissance aircraft prototype. The Ya-22 had a high performance, and I-29 fighter and R-12 reconaissance versions were proposed. It was insisted (typical formula for politicized industry - no exact reference why and who insisted, but everyone can guess about Big Brother - A.S.) that the aircraft would be developed into a light bomber, the BB-22/Yak-2/Yak-4.
Interesting, that conversion between fighter (I-29), bomber and recconaisanse options could be done on any of aircraft modifications in 'air field conditions'. The I-29 featured same folding top of the afterfuselage as Ya-22 and R-12 to allow unrestricted gunner's operation and keep clean airdynamics when there is no rear threat.
In bomber versions folding fuselage was replaced by extractable upwards turret (Yak-2) or conventional rear gunner's cocpit (Yak-4).
Two seats. Two 960hp Klimov M-103. 1939.
Yak series
Yak-? 1.7K- Experimental helicopter. No name or number was ever assigned. Crew of two. Engine M-11F (as for U-2). There were aerodynamic problems in test flights.
Yak-RD-10 - experimental. Predessor of Yak-15. One built. 1946.
Yak-1 47.2K/I-26 - The Yak-1 was the first of a line of small, nimble fighters, relatively primitive in many respects, but easy to build and maintain, and with fine performance and handling at low altitude. They were lightly armed and had low performance at higher altitude. The Yak-series was the most important Soviet fighter of early stages of the Great Patriotic War (WWII at the East Front), before La-5 came into service.
8721 (or 8734?) Yak-1's were built (36.000+ built of Yak-1 family). One M-105PA. 1940.
Yak-2 - short range bomber/recco. See No22/BB-22. Total 111 were built.
Yak-3 [Designation reused!] - I-30.
Yak-3 16.9K [Designation reused!] - The Yak-3 was a lightweight interceptor development of the Yak-1. It was one of the lightest and nimblest fighters of WWII, with a max weight of only 2550kg. This resulted in a fighter that had some limitations, but excelled in fighter vs. fighter combat at low altitudes. The M-107 engine originally planned was installed in the Yak-3U, but that was too late for combat in WWII.
One VK-105PF-2. Max speed 646km/h. 5000m climb time 4.6..4.8min, ceiling 10050..10400m. 4848 (or 4797?) built. 1943.
Read the official flight manual! [37.5K]
Read the book by Stepanets!
More: pic.1 215.3K, pic.2 59.2K, pic.3 60.8K, pic.4 111.8K, pic.5 95.4K, pic.6 67.1K, pic.7 64.4K, pic.8 99.4K, pic.9 96.6K, pic.10 90.5K, pic.11 68.1K, pic.12 123.3K, pic.13 89.8K, pic.14 54.6K, pic.15 86.9K, pic.16 216.8K, pic.17 34.5K, pic.18 164.3K, pic.19 78.6K, pic.20 83.0K, pic.21 78.7K, pic.22 37.4K, pic.23 114.3K, pic.24 51.6K, w/VK-105PF-2? 51.6K, experimental, in test flight, piloted by Rastorguev? 23.6K.
Now put back into production with Allison powerplant for those few who can afford it.
Yak-4/BB-22 (Blizhnij Bombardirivschik) - Development of the Ya-22/ Yak-2. Used more powerful engines than predecessors. Gunner/bomber position right behind pilot's, turret was not retractible any more. It was a fast good-looking light bomber, but too vulnerable for ground-attack missions. The few built were later used for night missions and high-altitude reconaissance. Two seats. Two M-105R. 1941. 90 were built.
Yak-6 Crib - Light transport, originally designed as a night bomber (?). Two seats. Two M-11E. 1943.
Picture: 1.
Yak-7 81.0K/UTI-26 - The Yak-7U was developed as a trainer version of the Yak-1. A second cockpit was added after the original one, and wing span increased. It was found that the extra space for the second cockpit could be used for fuel or armament too, and that the performance of the Yak-7 almost equalled that of the Yak-1. Thus the Yak-7 was again developed to a close support fighter. The two-seat version was also used in combat, for reconaissance missions.
One VK-105PF. 6399 built. 1942.
Yak-8 Crib - Improved Yak-6.
Yak-9 53.9K Frank - Yak-9 was first all-metal Yakovlev's design. The definitive development of the Yak-1 series. The Yak-9 was a devlopment of the Yak-7 with metal wing spars. The Yak-9 was built in long-range fighter, ground attack and trainer versions. From mid-1944 onwards the Yak-9 was the numerically most important Soviet fighter. During WWII 14579 were built; production continued until 1948 and totalled 16769 among 36,732 Yak fighters. One VK-105PF-3. 1942.
More: pic.1 148.0K, pic.2 51.6K.
Video: local 1.2M, original.
Yak-10 Crow - ?
Yak-11 100.7K Moose - Tandem two-seat advanced trainer. One 730 hp Shvetsov ASh-21 radial engine. Entered service in 1947.
Story: 1.
Yak-12 16.3K Creek - Single engine, four-seat light utility aircraft. One 240hp Ivchenko AI-14R radial. Entered production in 1946.
More: pic.1 56.9K, pic.2 56.6K.
Yak-13 - 3..4 seats low-winger with M-11 engine. No production - Yak-10/12 preferred. 1944.
Yak-14 Mole (or Mare) [Type-24] - Heavy transport glider. first seen 1949 Soviet Aviation Day, Tushino. 1948.
Yak-15 16.9K Feather [Type-2] - Transitional Jet-fighter. It retained the wings, the tail-wheel undercarriage rear fuselage and tail unit of all-metal Yak-3U. Used axial-flow Junkers Jumo 004B engine (RD-10). Yak-15 was lightest ever operational Jet-fighter (2,640 kg loaded). first seen 05/01/1947 May Day Parade, Moscow.
The Yak-15 used the fuselage of the all-metal Yak-3U piston-engined fighter with a jet engine(s), placed in the nose with the exhaust under the wing. In this way the pilots had an easy introduction to jet engines. The lightest operational jet-fighter ever built. Two RD-10. About 280 built. 1947.
Yak-16 Cork - Small civil transport aircraft, built in limited numbers. The military used some as trainers and liaison aircraft. Two ASh-21. 1948.
Yak-17 61.4K Feather [Type-16] (61K) - Single-seat single-engine jet fighter. Adapation of Yak-15. first seen 1948 Soviet Aviation Day, Tushino. One RD-10A. 1947.
Yak-18 Max - Tandem two-seat primary trainer. One 160 hp M-11FR-1 radial. Entered service in 1946.
More: pic.1 85.7K.
Yak-19 [Type-7] - first seen 08/03/1947 Soviet Aviation Day, Tushino
Yak-20 - 2-seat side-by-side trainer. development of Yak-18? abandoned.
Yak-23 59.7K Flora [Type-28] - Single-seat interceptor fighter. A straightforward development of the Yak-15/Yak-17 series. 'Flora' could claim little technological advance (as most of Yakovlev's planes - A.S.), but its handling was highly praised and climb was excellent (as most of Yakovlev's fighters also...). It used the wing of the Yak-19. One 3500 lb. st. RD-500 turbojet. 310 were built. 1948.
More: pic.1 59.7K, pic.2 96.2K, pic.3 13.4K.
Yak-24 44.1K Horse/"Letayuchy Vagon" (Flying Boxcar) [Type-38] "Product LV" - Yakovlev's only (?, see above!) helicopter, a tandem-rotor design beset with technical problems. Twin-engine, twin rotor military assault helicopter. Two 1700 hp Shvetsov ASh-82V radials. Entered production in 1955. first seen 1955 Soviet Aviation Day, Tushino. Around 100 built. 1952.
More: pic.1 164.9K.
Yak-25 19.1K Flashlight or Mangrove - First soviet win-engined (under the wing) two seat night and all weather interceptor. PD6 intercept radar in bulbous nose. There was also a recce version and a bomber, but the last one seems not to have entered production. Entered service in 1955. Two 5500 lb. st. Klimov RD-9 or Mikulin AM-5 turbojets. 594 mph at 36,000 ft. 1955.
More: pic.1 26.8K, pic.2 25.7K, pic.3 37.0K.
Yak-26 27.9K - Tactical bomber developed from the Yak-25. Nine built.
Yak-27 22.9K Flashlight or Mangrove - The Yak-27V 'Flashlight' was an high-altidtude fighter with an addtional rocket engine; it is said to have reached 23000m, but never became operational. The 'Mangrove' Yak-27R reconaissance aircarft was more succesful, and about 180 were built. Two RD-9AF.
Yak-28 26.3K Brewer - Two-seat light tactical bomber adaptation of Yak-28P Firebar. Internal weapons bay, bombardier position in glazed nose. Entered service in early 1960s.
The Yak-28 is a streamlined, swept-wing bomber with large engines under the wing. Some remained in service until recently, mainly as electronic warfare aircraft. 'Maestro' is a trainer. Retired in 1992 (?). Two R-11AF-300.
More: pic.1 43.6K, pic.2 55.5K, pic.3 22.3K, pic.4 35.4K.
Yak-30 Magnum - Tandem two-seat jet basic trainer. Development of the Yak-25, single-seat fighter. The Yak-30 competed with the MiG-15. Due to the latters succes it didn't enter production. The Czech L-29 Delfin was selected by Soviet Air Force in preference to Yak-30. One 2315 lb. st. Tumansky TRD-29 turbojet (or RD-500?). 1948.
Yak-32 44.0K Mantis - Single-seat version of Yak-30 basic trainer.
Yak-33 - long range bomber. project.
This project was developed in competition to Tupolev's 125 and T-4. Bereznyak's Yak-36 16.1K Freehand - VTOL aircraft. A huge nose boom houses puffer-pipe control nozzles. Powered by two turbo-jets mounted side-by-side at the base of the forward fuselage. Single-seat VTOL research aircraft. Two vectored-thrust turbofans. First demonstrated in 1967. Believed experimental only.
Experimental VTOL fighter. Six built. The Yak-36 had a large split nose intake, with the engines fitted in the front fuselage, and the two rotating nozzles below the wings. In hover is was controlled by small 'puffer' nozzles at the wingtips, tail and in the enormous nose probe. Two R-27-300. 1963.
More: pic.1 36.0K, pic.2 25.8K, pic.3 25.6K, pic.4 22.5K, pic.5 19.4K, pic.6 23.4K.
Yak-38 36.7K Forger - Single-seat shipboard air defense and strike fighter. One 17,985 lb. st. Lyulks Al-12 lift/cruise turbojet and two tandem-mounted 7875 lb. st. Koliesov lift turbojets. Can carry two air to air missiles or two podded 23-mm twin-barreled cannon. In strike role, can carry up to 8000 lbs. of stores.
VTOL fighter-bomber, employed on the small aircraft carriers of the Kiev-class. Formerly identified as the Yak-36MP. The Yak-38 uses a main engine with two aft rotating nozzles and a set of small lift engines. Retired in 1993 (?).
One AI-21 and two RD-36-35PR. 1975.
IFF system SRO-2. By Off-Topic.
More: pic.1 75.7K, pic.2 46.7K, pic.3 50.3K.
Yak-39 - development of Yak-38M. project.
Yak-40 116.2K Codling - Three-engined short-range commercial feederliner. Three 3307 lb. st. Ivchenko AI-25 turbofans. Entered service in 1968.
More: pic.1 64.7K, pic.2 51.6K.
Yak-41 94.7K Freestyle - The Yak-41 is the world's first supersonic VTOL fighter. It operates with lift engines in the forward fuselage and a vectoring nozzle on the main engine, placed well forward, between twin tail booms. Yak-41 seems to be more a technology demonstrator than an actual fighter aircraft, and the need to use afterburner for take-off is a distinct problem. Development is said to be continuing, after being halted temporarily. Yak-141 has a very elaborate automatic ejection seat «Zvezda».
One R-79V-300 and two RD-41. 1989.
From fido7.ru.aviation:
crew 1.
trust 1x15500kg (+2x4100kg lifting).
wing span 10.10m.
length 18.30m.
normal takeoff mass 15800kg.
max takeoff mass 21500kg.
combat load mass 4200kg.
max speed at high alt 1600km/h.
practical ceiling 15500m.
max flight range 2400km.
allowed operational overload 7.0.

French has their own opinion:
The first supersonic VTOL was the Dassault Mirage III V or named Mirage Balzac. Its max speed was Mach 2. French air force was afraid of this new technology and have preferred Mirage F1.
I dunno, if it really flown at supersonic speed, if it was anything more than just a technology demo?
Yak-42 17.4K Clobber - Medium-range commercial transport. Three 14,330 lb. st. Lotarev D-36 turbofans. Entered service in 1978.
False destination for the Tu-98. In real life it is compact 3-engined commuter jet with unperfect crash record.
More: pic.1 67.5K pic.2 50.9K, pic.3 59.7K.
Yak-43 46.9K - Development of Yak-41M. NK-321 engine.
Yak-44 124.9K - naval AEW aircraft - twin turboprop apparently very similar to the Grumman E-2 Hawkeye. The Yak-44 has also in turn been cancelled (although a revival is being considered), and recent reports suggest that an AEW version of the Kamov Ka-32 helicopter is under development.
More: pic.1 4.6K, pic.2 124.9K, pic.3 274.
Yak-48 - buisness class 19-seats a/c. projected in early 1990s. Project joined with Israel IAI Astra-IV Galaxy. range 6840km with 4 passengers. two CFE (2270kgs) or AI-22 (3850kg thrust) turbofans. in production since 1995 (Samara). first flight was planned for 1998 (missed). finance support resumed in Feb'2000. Estimated program cost USD 66.5M (USD 6M+ already invested by OKB, plus USD 3.5..4M by Saratov serial facility). Estimated price USD 8.11M. Estimated market 670 units.
Yak-50 115.0K - The YAK-50 is a single place tail dragger with a retractable main gear. This airplane is very similar to the two place YAK-52 fitted with retractable tricycle gear. YAK-52 is now very popular in Europe!
More: pic.1 30.9K.
Yak-52 - Development of the Yak-18 series.
See also: 1, 2
Yak-54 82.2K - New generation aerobatic aircrafts of Yakovlev design bureau, breaking long line of aircrafts started in 1937 with UT-2/AIR-10. Produced by Saratov Aviation Facility in cooperation with JSV "Gorky U-2".
Certificate expected by 2001 fall. 12..15 were built in 20'th century (6 of them were sold to USA). Basic price of export version is USD160K.
Yak-55 - single seat aerobatic.
Yak-58 57.7K - biz-craft.
Yak-77 - buisness class a/c. range 10,000km. speed 0.8M. take-off mass 25,200kg. 1993.
Yak-100 1.7K - Helicopter. Unsuccessful competitor of Mi-1.
Yak-112 36.0K - 3-seat general purpose aircraft. estimated price USD130K. ready for serial production (50..70 "firm" orders awaited to begin).
More: pic.1 30.4K.
Yak-130 20.8K/Aermacchi - trainer prototype.
More: pic.1 20.8K, pic.2 18.3K, pic.3 50.3K pic.4 67.2K, pic.5 63.0K.
<26-Apr-1996> The Yak-130, Yakovlev's challenger for the Russian Air Force advanced trainer role, made its first flight on 26th April. Test pilot Andrei Sinitsyn pronounced himself satisfied with the 45-minute flight. "The aircraft conforms with all its intended characteristics", he said. The first flight, at the Gromov Flight Research Institute, was accompanied by a Yak-40 camera ship. Keir Giles. Photograph by Paul Nann.
Estimated price USD10..12M.
Yak-141 4.9K/41 Freestyle - Single seat VTOL carrier-based interceptor/fighter. Believed experimental only.
More: pic.1 20.6K, pic.2 81.7K, pic.3 94.7K, pic.4 35.2K, pic.5 76.6K. [Ram-T] - Yakovlev Yak-141 supersonic naval VTOL fighter
See Yak-41.
Yak-142 - Hawkeye-type shipborn aircraft. none built.
Yak-152 - Development of Yak-54. Estimated price USD100K at estimated market of 200..800 units in Russia. Competitor to Su-49.
Yak-242 - development of Yak-42? (short-to-medium range passenger liner).
Yak-1000 88.2K - The Yak-1000 was a high-speed research aircraft. It was the smallest aircraft that could be buit around the powerful AL-5 engine, with a tubular fuselage, a circular nose intake, short-span cropped-delta wings, and bicycle landing gear. The outcome of high-speed taxying trials was such that it was not attempted to fly the Yak-1000.
Oddly named
MC-21 - See Also. Joint project of Yak and Il. Passenger liner (132..174 passengers). Range up to 5500km. Cruise speed 850km/h.

www.aviation.ru/03-Sep-2010 01:00:52 MSD

gvisit.com