Tu 06-Apr-2004	WWW.AVIATION.RU

www.tupolev.ru

...

...

1939

OKB reassembled and began the work on the project "103".

to late 50s

Zavod 156.

to mid 60s

OKB 156.

to mid 70s

MMZ «Opyt»

to late 80s

MMZ «Opyt» named after A.N.Tupolev

to 1992

ANTK named after A.N.Tupolev

now

AO ANTK named after A.N.Tupolev

The head of the team: N.I.Bazenkov (vice-chief), V.A.Chizhevski, B.A.Saukke, M.N.Petrov, D.S.Markov, A.P.Baluev, T.P.Saprykin, A.V.Nadashkevich, S.M.Eger, L.L.Kerber, A.R.Bonin, S.A.Vigdorchik, A.M.Cheremukhin, N.A.Sokolov, A.E.Sterlin.

• Company News
  
  

ANT series

• ANT-1 57.2K - The first aircraft, built by Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev. A.N.Tupolev started to work on this project in 1911, but started assembling only in 1922. At that time he was a member of TsAGI task forse, which was ordered to study metal aircraft desingns. ANT-1 was of a mixed design, but it was the first Soviet-built aircraft including home-made metal elements (fuselage frame). After few flights old worn engine started loose power and was found unrepareble.
  More: 1 114.0K.
• ANT-2 16.7K - two-passenger plane. First soviet all-metal aircraft.
  More: 1 16.5K.
• ANT-3/R-3 (Razwedchik) - All-metal two-seat recco biplane. One 400hp Liberty-?. 100 built. 1925.
• ANT-4/TB-1 (Tiajiolij Bombardirovscik) - An angular monoplane, backbone of the Russian bomber force for many years. Two 680hp M-17B. 212 built. 1929.
  Modifications:
  • ANT-6/TB-3 - four-engine development, the worlds most impressive bomber of early 1930's.
  • ANT-7/R-6 - recconaissance/escort fighter
  • G-1 - transport version
• ANT-5/I-4 - (first aircraft the Sukhoy has designed)
  ANT-5 was a prototype of I-4 sesquiplane single-seat fighter. I-4 differed from ANT-5 by redesigned (to decrease drag) engine howling, added rocket launchers on upper wing and increased tailfin. The lower wing was nothing more than an attachment for the wing struts; it was (almost) removed in the second series (I-4bis), used as a parasite fighter in Zveno experiments with TB-3 bomber. The I-4 was the first Soviet all metal fighter. One 480hp M-22. 369 were built. In service in 1928-1933. 1927.
• ANT-6 27.3K/TB-3 - Angular mid-wing monoplane with fixed landing gear. A four-engined development of the TB-1. Frequently used designation TB-3-AM-34RN corresponds to TB-3 with modified Mikulin AM-34RN engines. For some time, the USSR had the largest heavy bomber force in the world and the TB-3 was one of the most impressive heavy bombers. Used as a "mother aircraft" in Zveno experimens. In WWII some were used as transports, but then the aircraft was completely obsolete; they were retired after 1942. Four 610kW Mikulin AM-34. 818 built. 1930.
  Modifications:
  • ANT-16/TB-4 - six-engine development
  • G-2 - transport version
• ANT-7/R-6 - A reconaissance aircraft and escort fighter. Development of the TB-1/ANT-4. Two 533kW M-17F. More than 400 built. 1929.
  Modifications:
  • KR-6 - escort fighter version
  • MR-6 - "Morskoj"(maritime) R-6, torpedo bomber version
• ANT-8/MDR-2 (Morskoj Dalnij Razwedchik) - All-metal flying boat. No production. Two 650hp M-17. 1931.
  Modifications:
  • MDR-4 - three-engine development
• ANT-9 - no data.
• ANT-10 - no data.
• ANT-11 - no data.
• ANT-12 - no data.
• ANT-13/I-8 «Jockey» - The I-8 was a small biplane fighter, constructed of steel and duraluminium, and coverd with fabric. The I-8 was completed by donation of unpaid workhours. It was fast, but it was decided not to produce its Curtiss Conqueror engine. One 600hp Curtiss V-1570 Conqueror. 1929.
• ANT-14 - Large Monoplane, used for propaganda. Gnome-Rhone Jupiter engine.
• ANT-15 - no data.
• ANT-16/TB-4 - Six-engined bomber. Four engines in the wings and a tandem pair above the fuselage. Development of the TB-3.
  Modifications:
  • ANT-20 "Maksim Gorky" - giant eight-engine propaganda airplane.
• ANT-17 - no data.
• ANT-18 - no data.
• ANT-19 - no data.
• ANT-20 35.4K "Maksim Gorky" - The ANT-20 was a giant eight-engined propaganda monoplane, developed from the TB-4. The ANT-20 carried 72 passengers. It also lifted a bar and buffet, film processing lab, and a movie theater, besides a laundry, a pharmacy and a printing press. This indicates that it was used above the more remote areas of the USSR, places that still did without the blessing of civilisation. It seems that it was also fitted with loudspeakers. Lost in accedant after pilot of excorting fighter started to loop around the wing and crushed into it. Its replacement was ANT-20bis. Eight M-34FRN engines.
  Modifications:
  • ANT-20bis - When the ANT-20 was destroyed in May 1935, it was decided to build a successor. The ANT-20bis was a development with six engines; it was also used as a transport. Six M-34FRNV engines.
  More: 1 25.9K.
• ANT-21/MI-3 (Mnogomestnij Istrebitel) - Twin-engined multi-seat fighter, an all-metal monoplane. Two M-17. Retractable gear. Two built. Development of R-6. 1932. Tested in autumn of 1933. 14-Sep-1934 crashed (vertical planes), but test pilot I.F.Kozlov could land it safely (at cost of landing gear). The first russian a/c with glade surface (no gofer). No production. SB preferred.
  Modifications:
  • ANT-21bis/MI-3D ("Dubler") - failed to pass the state tests in Jul 1934..Dec 1934.
• ANT-22/MK-1 (Morskoj ...) - armoured recco seaplane. Twin-hulled flying boat. Six 830hp Mikulin AM-34R. One built. 1934.
• ANT-23/I-12 - The I-12 had a central nacelle with a pusher and a tractor engines, and very slender twin tail booms. It was armed with two recoilless 76mm cannon, incorporated in the hollow tail booms! Only a prototype was built. Two 525hp Gnome-Rhone 9AK. 1931.
• ANT-24 - no data.
• ANT-25 19.7K/RD (Recordnaya Dal'nost) - This long-range aircraft became best known (in USA - A.S.) by a flight from Moscow to San Jacinto in California, over the pole: 10148km. The ANT-25 was also used to set a closed-circuit flight record with a flight of 56hrs and 20min. As might be expected, the ANT-25 was a clean monoplane with an extremely long wingspan: 34.98m
  Chkalov, Belyakov and Baidukov flew ANT-25 in transarctic flight on the route Moscow-Vancouver. It was designed with long range bombing in mind. Pavel Sukhoi was leading the ANT-25 design team.
  One 700kw Mikulin M-34R. 1933.
  Story: 1.
  Modifications:
  • RD-DB-1 - long range bomber-recco
  • ANT-37/DB-2 - Sukhoj's attempt to transform the ANT-25 into long range bomber (DB, Dalnij Bombardirovschik, Long Range Bomber). Cancelled.
  • BOK-1, BOK-7, BOK-8, BOK-11 - high altitude research aircrafts
  More: 1 5.7K.
• ANT-26/TB-6 - Heavy bomber, with 12 engines (eight on the wing, four in nacelles above the wing) and wing span of 95m. Only a small-scale glider, with a span of only 20m, was flown.
• ANT-27/MDR-4 (Morskoj Dalnij Razwedchik) - Three-engined development of the MDR-2. Recconaissance. Three 950hp Mikulin M-34R. 15 built. 1936.
• ANT-28 - no data.
• ANT-29/DIP - Fighter monoplane, armed with a recoilless 102mm cannon of Kurchevski. To eliminate the recoil, a weight was ejected by a nozzle fitted below the tail. The gun was unpractical and the aircraft had bad handling. The designer of the gun, Kurchevski, was arrested and 'disappeared'. Two 760hp Hispano-Suiza 12 Ybrs (750hp M-100?). No production. 1932-1935.
• ANT-30 - no data.
• ANT-31/I-14 - The I-14 was an all-metal monoplane with enclosed cockpit and rectractable undercarriage, first flown in May 1933. Only 18 built, because the lighter I-16 was preferred. The 520kW engine was a copy of Wright SR-1820-F-3 Cyclone.
  One 700hp M-25. 1933.
• ANT-32 - no data.
• ANT-33 - no data.
• ANT-34 - no data.
• ANT-35/PS-35 -
• ANT-36 - no data.
• ANT-37/DB-2 Tupolev/Sukhoj - Bomber. Production cancelled in favour of the TsKB-30/DB-3. Two built. The DB-2 was a development of the ANT-25 long-range aircraft.
• ANT-38 - Prototype of the ANT-40 or SB fast bomber. The ANT-38 had radial engines.
• ANT-39 - See??????? SB.
• ANT-40 19.7K/SB/TsAGI-40 (Skorostnoi Bombardirovschik) - This was a fast twin-engined monoplane bomber. The design was very advanced, but lacked refinement, much to the dismay of crews and maintenance personnel -- and of Stalin, who pointed out that "there are no trivialities in aviation". Succesfull in the Spanish civil war because it outpaced most fighters, but obsolete in 1941. By Jun 1941 94% of bombers in Red Army air force were SB.
  3 seats. 1935.

  In Feb 1934 in TsAGI was developed plan to build ANT-40/SB. Two versions planned: with Right-Cyclon engines and with Hispano-Suiza 12Y.

  The skill gathered with MI-3 and DIP was used. All the development, tests and serial production had no major problems.

  Designed and developed in the Tupolev's KB by a team of A.A.Arkhangelski. Serial production since 1936 on 2 plants until 1941.

  
  More: 1 12.4K.
  Modifications:
  • ANT-38 - prototype with radial engines. ANT-40.1 ?
  • ANT-39 - something related ?????
  • ANT-40.1 and ANT-40.2 - designations of two SB prototypes (2RTs and 2IS)

  • ---

  • ANT-40 2RTs - the first variant for Right-Cyclon (730hp) built in Oct 1934. It was a bit less than most of the later SBs. Test flights (I.S.Zhurov and K.K.Popov) 7..31-Oct-1934 ended in landing crash. The a/c was recovered to Feb 1935. Second test flights were done 5-Feb-1935 to 31-Jul-1935. Wing area was reduced. Became experimental (sky gears, etc). Hispano-Suiza engines were preferred.
  • ANT-40 2IS - built in fall 1934. Preliminary test flights in Jan 1935 shown the speed of 430km/h. State tests from Feb 1935 to Apr 1936. Was given to the production plant as an etalon.
  • SB-2M-100 - wing area grown to 56.7m². M-100 engines. First serial.
  • SB-2M-100A - new engines of 860hp. Modified engine covers. Fall 1936.
  • PS-40 2M-100A - cargo version for Aeroflot. 1938.
  • SB-2M-100A Modernized - new rear gun installation "Tur" MV-3. Tested in 1937. Accepted, but no production.
  • SB-2M-103/SBbis - new engines, bigger navigator cocpit, new controllable rear wheel. Tested in Sep 1937. Etalon tested 27-Jun-1938 to 19-Sep-1938. Starting from this version SB could retract sky gears.
    2-Sep-1937 M.Yu.Alexeev set registered record of altitude of 12246.5m with load of 1000kg. (1-Nov-1936 hi set unregistered record of 12695m).
  • USB - trainer. tested in 1938. navigator cocpit replaced for instructor pilot. small serial production.
  • SBbis2-2M-103 - polished wings. no serial production.
  • SBbis3-2M-103 - new screw/engine group. tested from 1-Nov-1937 to 17-Jan-1938. Significant speed grow. Few serial a/c were built.
  • SB-2M103-1939 - development of SBbis3. new radiators and partially polished wings. Screws: VISh-2, then VISh-22. Etalon tested in Sep-Oct'39. Mass production. New gunner's cocpit and guns since 1940.
  • PS-41-2M103U - old SBbis3 "written off" to Aeroflot for civil work.
  • PS-41bis-2M-103U - Mail carrier. PS-41 with additional external fuel tanks. 180kg cargo load.
  • MMN-2M-105 - new engines, reduced wing area, 3xShKAS only. Tested in 1939 and rejected. Used as an experimental for SB-RK.
  • SB-RK (aka RK, KR, Ar-2) - diving bomber. Two M-105R with VISh-22E props. Wing area reduced as for MMN. Radiators in wing consoles. Air inlets in wing noses. Air outcome throw the holes on the upper side of the wings. Four ShKAS. Bombs: 6x100kg, 2x250kg, 1x500kg, VAP-500, ZAP-500 and others internally plus up to 1500kg external load. The final release of SB. Few built. The Pe-2 and Tu-2 changed it. Total 6656 SBs and Ar-2 were built.

  • ---

  • 3-wheel SB - experimental TsAGI. Tested by M.L.Gallay. 1940-1941.
  • SB-2 - unofficial, but wide spread designation
  • DI-8/ANT-46 - two-seat heavy fighter modification with 102mm cannon
  • T-1/ANT-41 - torpedo bomber modification

  Numericaly the most important bomber in the world in late 1930's, SB was the first modern stressed-skin aircraft produced in quantity in the Soviet Union and probably the most formidable bomber of mid-1930 era. Many versions saw extensive action in Spain, China, Mongolia, Finland and in the beginning of the War against Germany in the year 1941. It was also used in various daties in civil variants, as trainers and in many secondary roles.

  In the year 1933 Administration of Air Force (UVVS) had drawn up an outline requirement for a high-speed bomber. Work began in Jan 1934, two prototypes were designed as ANT-40(.1 and .2). ANT-40.2 was considered a production prototype, it's performance was impressive. The series aircraft designation was SB-2, the first series SB rolled of production line before the end of 1935 and before ANT-40.2 had completed its flight test programme.

  The SB-2 was all-metal monoplane powered by two M-100 12 cylinder water-cooled engines (license production version of HS-12-Yrds engine) wich drove fixed-pitch two bladed metal propellers. The engines were provided with honeycomb type frontal radiators enclosed by vertical termostat controlled cooling shutters. At an early production stage, the M-100 engine gave place to improved M-100A engine, this driving ground-ajustable three-pitch propellers, speed being boosted to 423 km/h at 4000 meters.

  Despite the fact that the assembly lines were playned with a constant string of modifications, some 400 SB's were to be delivered by the end of 1936 - a number of these being diverted to Spain - and 24 VVS squadrons were in process of working up with the new bomber. Outstanding well recorded performance in Spanish civil war acquired popular name "Katyushka" In the year 1937 were successfully concluded negotiations between the Soviet and Czechoslovak governments for manufacture of the SB wederlicence in Czechoslovakia.

  The version of the SB to be supplied to and subsequiently licence built in Czechoslovakia was fundamentally the SB-2M-100A and, as a B-71, thes was to be fitted with the Avia-built Hispano-Suiza 12-Ydrs engine. A single 7.92 mm vz. 30 machine gun supplanted the twin ShKAS weapons in the extreme nose and similar weapon was provided for the dorsal and ventral stations.

  60 aircrafts were to be flown to Czechoslovakia by the summer of 1938. The planned licence production programme was to take a decidedly leisurely course, despite the increasingly dangerous political situation. Than, by 15-Mar-1939,when the Wermacht was to occupy Bohemia and Moravia, not one Czeh built aircraft was to have been delivered.

  (From MPM (Modely Plastikvym Modelarum) manual to SB-2M-100 model kit)

  Video: local 2.2M, original.
• ANT-41/T-1 (Torpedonosets) - Torpedo bomber, developed from the SB. Two M-34FRN. Built by a team lead by V.M.Myasischev (KOSOS - Konstruktorskij Otdel Sektsii Opytnogo Stroitelstva). 1934. Tested by A.P.Chernavski since 1936. Crashed in 14-th flight. No production.
  Modifications:
  • ANT-41bis - water-landing version.
• ANT-42/TB-7/Pe-8 - high speed high altitude heavy bomber. Design started in Jul'34 in KOSOS TsAGI. Five engines: four AM-34FRN and one M-100 ATsN-2. First flown in Dec 1936 by M.M.Gromov. Serial production as TB-7.
  Modifications:
  • TB-7 - four AM-35 or AM-35A.
• ANT-43 - abandoned. 1936.
• ANT-44/MTB-2 (Morskoj Tiajiolij Bombardirovscik) - Big four-engined flying boat (so name MTB), first flown in 1937.
• ANT-45 - no data.
• ANT-46/DI-8 - The DI-8 or ANT-46 was a two-seat fighter version of the ANT-40 or SB, twin engine bomber. It was armed with two recoilless 45mm cannon in the outer wing panels. Interest in the gun quickly terminated, and the DI-8 was abandoned. Two Gnome-Rhone-14K. Nov 1934. First flights 9..13-Aug-1935. Factory test flights [before] Jul 1936.
• ANT-47 - no data.
• ANT-48 - no data.
• ANT-49 - no data.
• ANT-50 - two AM-34. cancelled. 1937.
• ANT-51/Ivanov, Sukhoj - Prototype of light bomber/recco, created by P.O. Sukhoi during contest-project 'Ivanov' in 1938-1939. Designation ANT, belonging to design bureau of A.N.Tupolev appears because P.O. Sukhoj at that time was a member of Tupolev's team. Later it evolved into Su-2 light bomber.
• ANT-52 - no data.
• ANT-53 - four AM-34FRBV. none built. 1936.
• ANT-54 - projected, never built. no data. 1938-1939.
• ANT-55 - projected, never built. no data. 1938-1939.
• ANT-56 - projected, never built. no data. 1938-1939.
• ANT-57 - four M-105. long range high altitude diving bomber (anti-ship). none built.
• ANT-58 - See Tu-2. 1939.
• ANT-59 - no data.
• ANT-60 - no data.
• ANT-61 - See Tu-2.
• ANT-62 - no data.
• ANT-63 - See Tu-1.
• ANT-64 [Type-22] - Tu-6; sometimes also reported as Tu-2R; first seen 1946
  Another data:
  Original predessor of Tu-4. Own design. Wing span 42.8m. Length 29m. Four 2200hp engines. Speed 600km/h at 6000m. Range 3000km. Bomb load 5000kg. US B-29 preferred.
• ANT-65 - no data.
• ANT-66 - no data.
• ANT-67 - no data.
• ANT-68 - no data.
• ANT-69 - no data.
• ANT-70 [Ram-P] - Tu-160. 70-1 (no equipment), 70-2 (static load tests), and 70-3 (full equipped) were experimental.
  Another data: see Tu-70.
• ANT-71 - no data.
• ANT-72 - no data.
• ANT-73 - no data.
• ANT-74 - no data.
• ANT-75 - See Tu-75.
• ANT-76 - no data.
• ANT-77 - no data.
• ANT-78 - no data.
• ANT-79 - no data.
• ANT-80 - Tu-80. Modernized Tu-4. Predessor of Tu-85.
• ANT-81 - no data.
• ANT-82 - no data.
• ANT-83 - no data.
• ANT-84 - no data.
• ANT-85 - Tu-85.
• ANT-86 - no data.
• ANT-87 - no data.
• ANT-88 - See 88
• ANT-89 - no data.
• ANT-90 - no data.
• ANT-91 - See Tu-91.
• 92 - development name of recce version of a/c "88" (Tu-16R, Tu-16RN). Decision of Ministry Soviet No 1659-657 of 3-Jul-1953. Order of Ministry of Aviation Industry No 521 of 18-Jul-1953. Draft project was signed 23-Nov-1953. Converted at facility 22 from Tu-16 s/n 1880302 and renamed Tu-16R-1. Converted to Tu-16R-2 by upgrading photo equipment.
• ANT-93 - no data.
• ANT-94 - no data.
• ANT-95 - Tu-95. 95-1 and 95-2 construction started in Oct 1951 at factory No 156.
• ANT-96 - Tu-96.
• 97 - development of Tu-16 with VD-5 engines from OKB-36 and new wing.
• ANT-98 - front line bomber, predessor of Tu-128. version: Tu-98LL (flying laboratory).
• ANT-99 - turbo-jet development of Tu-95.
• ANT-100 - "sub-bomber". nuclear weapon pilot-less carrier launched from Tu-96. late 50s. none built.
• ANT-101 - no data.
• ANT-102 - no data.
• 103 - "a/c 103", "project 103", Tu-2. 1939. [Designation reused!]
• 103 - development of Tu-16 project. four VD-5 or VD-7. [Designation reused!] predessor of "aircraft 105".
• ANT-104 - no data.
• 105 - predessor of Tu-22. two built (105 and 105A). 1955-1959.
• ANT-106 - development of "105", predessor of "145".
• ANT-107 - no data.
• ANT-108 - no data.
• ANT-109 - no data.
• ANT-110 - no data.
• ANT-111 - no data.
• ANT-112 - no data.
• ANT-113 - pilot-less sub-bomber for Tu-95S.
• ANT-114 - Tu-114.
• ANT-115 - no data.
• ANT-116 - passenger version of Tu-95. Tu-114D.
• ANT-117 - no data.
• ANT-118 - no data.
• ANT-119 - Tu-119.
• ANT-120 - no data.
• ANT-121 - See Tu-121.
• ANT-122 - development of "98" (as Tu-24). no defense weapon. crew 2. two AL-7F-2 engines. never built.
• ANT-123 - See Tu-123. [Designation reused!]
• ANT-124 - no data.
• ANT-125 - competitor to T-4. max speed 3M. One X-45 missile.
• ANT-126 - no data.
• ANT-127 - no data.
• ANT-128 - Tu-128 interceptor. development of "98"
• ANT-129 - no data.
• ANT-130 - last stage of "DP" system. See Tu-123.
• ANT-131 - no data.
• ANT-132 - no data.
• ANT-133 - See Tu-133.
• ANT-134 - supersonic turboprop bomber???
• ANT-135 - see Tu-135. competitor to T-4. max speed 2.5M. One X-45 missile.
  Modifications:
  • ANT-135P - passenger version...
• ANT-136 - no data.
• ANT-137 - no data.
• ANT-138 - development of Tu-128. abandoned.
• ANT-139 - See Tu-139.
• ANT-140 - no data.
• ANT-141 - Tu-123P. Not a Tu-141 or [Designation reused!]
• ANT-142 - no data.
• ANT-143 - no data.
• ANT-144 - no data.
• ANT-145 - development of "106". predessor of Tu-22M.
• ANT-146 - no data.
• ANT-147 - no data.
• ANT-148 - development of "138". abandoned.
• ANT-149 - no data.
  

  Numerical series (YYn)

• 471 - project. development of Tu-4.
• 473 - project. development of Tu-4.
• 474 - project. development of Tu-4. Six ASh-73TK. Wing span 56m. Take-off mass 95t.
• 485 - project. development of Tu-4. Six ASh-73TK. Wing span 56m. Take-off mass 95t.

Tu series

• Tu-1/ANT-63 - radar equipped all-weather fighter development of Tu-2S. Came too late and found itself obsolete. The Tu-1 was a development of the Tu-2S medium bomber. It was intended as an all-weather fighter, carrying radar in the nose. Like other nations, the USSR was already considering piston-engined fighters obsolete. Two 1950hp Mikulin AM-43V. One built. 1947.
• Tu-2 38.6K/ANT-58/"103" Bat. - Modifications of this bomber took ANT-58 through -69 designation slots. Aircraft remained in service until 1950. Some Chinese Tu-2s were encountered by British and American airman during the Korean war. Twin engine light bomber of World War 2 vintage.
  A twin-engined bomber, designed as a "project 103". Built from 1942 to 1948. The Tu-2 was the USSR's second important twin-engined bomber, and brought Tupolev back into favour after a period of detention. AM-37 engine was abandoned to concentrate efforts on the AM-38F for Il-2. So Tupolev had to redesign aircraft for some available engine... 2527 built.
  More: 1 36.5K, 2 145.6K, 3 155.1K, 4 139.7K.
  Modifications:
  • "103" - Two 1400 hp Mikulin AM-37 (water cooling). 1941.
  • Tu-2 - Two 1450hp Shvetsov ASh-82 (air cooling) with bigger drag. 1942.
  • Tu-2S/ANT-61 - Two 1850hp Shvetsov ASh-82FN. 1943.
  • Tu-2D - Two 1850hp Shvetsov ASh-82FN??. 1943?
  Developments:
  • ANT-63/Tu-1 - radar equipped all-weather fighter development of Tu-2S. Came too late and found itself obsolete; 1947.
  • Tu-6 - high altitude recco.
  • Tu-12/Tu-77 - twin-engined jet bomber, using the wing and the tail of Tu-2
• Tu-4 40.2K Bull - This is first of preproduction series aircraft. Had a heavier defense armament consisting of five pair of 23 mm NS-23 cannons. Type was used for if-flight refueling tests. About 400 were delivered to Chinese air force. Four-engine long range heavy bomber. Copy of Boeing B-29 Superfortress.
  The US did not want to deliver the B-29 to the USSR, but some made emergency landings on Soviet territories during attacks on Japan. The USSR, then not at war with Japan, confiscated them. The Tu-4 was not, as is often said, an exact copy of the B-29; changes were made to armament and construction, partly because of inability of the industry to produce some advanced parts and partly because the construction had to be adapted to metric measures. But the study of its technology was a big step forward.
  IFF system "Magniy" (55km), "Magniy-M" (35km), SZO "Bariy" (6 codes of 20), SZO "Bariy-M" (4 codes of 20). By Off-Topic.

  Comment by A.S.: 'Step Forward' in such a case is nothing but a step ... backwards. Copying of 4-5 years old technology (yes, very advanced at its time) instead of developing of a domestic one (specially in this case) was:

  • removing intellectual and industrial resources from new projects;
  • spending them on design soon to became obsolete;
  • planting seeds of a very bad habit - copying - into domestic science and engineering;
  Modifications:
  • Tu-75 - transport, no production;
  • Tu-80 - improved bomber version, no _serial_ production;
  • Tu-85 - scaled-up intercontinental bomber version, no production;
  More: flying model 72.9K, Tu-4 @ Virtual Aviation Museum.
• Tu-6/ANT-64 Bat - Development of the Tu-2 for high altitude reconaissance.
• Tu-10 Frosty - ?
• Tu-12/Tu-77 - Twin-engined jet bomber (bureau designation Tu-77), using the wing and tail of the Tu-2. Producton was very limited. Two 5000lb R.R. Nene engines.
• Tu-14 52.1K Bosun - Twin-engine land-based torpedo-bomber operated by Soviet naval air arm. Two 6040 lb. st. (2700kg) Klimov VK-1 turbojets. Two fixed forward-firing cannon. Two 23mm cannon in tail turret. Crew 4. Entered service in 1949. Built only in small numbers because of the succes of the Il-28.
  IFF system "Magniy-M" (35km), SZO "Bariy-M" (4 codes of 20). By Off-Topic.
  See also Tu-91 and MiG-19 "Tiger".
• Tu-16 18.3K Badger-A - A jet-engined heavy bomber. The use of only two, but very powerful, engines was a surprise. Small numbers are still in service in China. Two 9500kg Mikulin AM-3M. Seven seats. 1954. Soviet reply to Vulcan and B-47. Few of them are still flying as missile test laboratories.
  Sold to Libia, China.
  Monography in "Aviation And Time" No1,2 2001.
  Modifications:
  1. 88 - prototype. 88/1 and 88/2 were built and flown.
  2. Tu-16A Badger-A - (articul "NA", "aircraft "88A") free-fall A-bomb capable bomber.
  3. Tu-16A(ZA) - Tu-16A with aerial refuelling capability.
  4. Tu-16V - H-bomb carrier. 3 a/c were converted from Tu-16A.
  5. Tu-16B - improved version. abandoned project.
  6. Tu-16V - high altitude version. abandoned project.
  7. 97 - VD-5 engines version. abandoned project.
  8. 103 - four VD-7 or AM-13 engines version. abandoned project.
  9. Tu-16 Guided Bombs Carrier - for use of UB-5 (UB-5000F) "Kondor" and UB-2F (UB-2000F) "Chaika" in early 1950s. "Chaika-2", "Chaika-3", UBV-5 in late 1950s.
  10. Tu-16 With Rear Rocket Turret - for Decision of Ministry Soviet No 2253-1069 of 3-Nov-1954 equipped with rear turret mounted TRS rocket launcher.
  11. Tu-16(Z)/Tu-16Z/Tu-16Yu 64.3K - (acticul "NZ") air tanker for Tu-16*(ZA) and later versions.
  12. Tu-16N Badger-A - air tanker for Tu-22RD, Tu-22KD, Tu-22PD, and Tu-22UD.
  13. Tu-16NN Badger-A - 20 aircrafts Tu-16(Z) upgraded to Tu-16N in 1969.
  14. Tu-16D - air tanker. flying lab for Tu-22KD and Tu-95KD.
  15. 92 - recce version of "88" project.
  16. Tu-16R Badger-E - recce.
  17. Tu-16RE - Tu-16R with SPS-2 ECM station.
  18. Tu-16RP - Tu-16R with SPS-1 or SPS-4 and additional ECM equipment.
  19. Tu-16RR - atmospheric radiation recce. one (?) prototype (s/n 1883305, plus maybe s/n 7203719) plus 8 serial Tu-16R(ZA) were converted.
  20. Tu-16RM-1 - naval recce. 11 (or 12?) converted from Tu-16K-10.
  21. Tu-16RM-2 - naval recce. 12 (or 11?) converted from Tu-16K-10D.
  22. Tu-16RM Badger-D - naval recce. plus few upgraded Tu-16R.
  23. Tu-16RTs - recce and target tracker for P-6 missile and submarines pr.651 and pr.675. Became a flying lab for Tu-95RTs.
  24. Tu-16SPS - ECM aircraft. 42 with SPS-1, 102 with SPS-2.
  25. Tu-16P - (articul "NP") ECM aircraft wwith "Boocket" station. production: 34 a/c with SPS-22N, 9 w/SPS-33N, 28 w/SPS-44N, 20 w/SPS-55N.
  26. Tu-16P with RPZ-59 - carrier of RPZ-59 "Avtostrada-1" anti-radar missile. few Tu-16P were converted.
  27. Tu-16 "Elka" - chaff/flare dispenser. 52 were built and 19 converted from Tu-16.
  28. Tu-16E - chaff/flare dispenser and ECM aircraft. 89 were built. still flying!
  29. Tu-16E-KhR - ECM-capable chemical, radiological, photografic, and sigint recce similar to Tu-16RR. two were converted from Tu-16E.
  30. Tu-16T - (articul "NT") torpedoe carrier. first a/c converted from plain Tu-16 s/n 4200501 at KAPO. 1954.
  31. Tu-16PL/Tu-16PLO - anti-submarine a/c. converted from Tu-16T. eraly 1960s.
  32. Tu-16 Mine Dropper - mine dropping a/c. converted from Tu-16SPS, Tu-16 "Elka", Tu-16R. early 1970s.
  33. Tu-16S - resque a/c with parachute "Fregat" boat. 1955. Most Tu-16T were converted to Tu-16S after 1965.
  34. Tu-16SP - anti-submarine a/c. converted from Tu-16S. replaced with Tu-142. 1970s.
  35. Tu-16KS - (articul "NKS") carrier of KS-1 anti-ship cruise missile. first one was converted from Tu-16 s/n 4200305 in 1954. Production at KAPO. about 40 were passed to Indonesia and Egipt. 65 were converted to KSR-2/KSR-11 carriers.
  36. Tu-16KSR - carrier of KSR anti-ship cruise missile. one was built. tested 1-Jul-1957 to 15-Nov-1957.
  37. Tu-16KSR-2/Tu-16K-16 - (articul "NKSR-2", articul "NK-3, K-16 complex, Tu-16KS-KSR-2) carrier of KSR-2 anti-ship cruise missile. first one was converted from Tu-16KS s/n 7203608 in 1960. 50 Tu-16KS were converted to Tu-16KSR-2. entered service 30-Dec-1961.
  38. Tu-16KSR-2A/Tu-16A-KSR-2 - Tu-16A and Tu-16A(ZA) upgraded to Tu-16KSR-2 capabilities. 155 Tu-16A were converted to Tu-16KSR-2A.
  39. Tu-16KSR-IS - Tu-16KSR-2 equipped with SPS-5 "Fasol" and SPS-100 "Rezeda" ECW stations (rear gun removed). early 1970s.
  40. Tu-16K-11 - (K-11 complex) carrier of KSR-11 anti-ship cruise missile. 1959..1960. entered service 13-Apr-1962.
  41. Tu-16KSR-2-11 - (K-11-16 complex, articul "NK-11-16", articul "NK-2") carrier of KSR-2 and KSR-11 anti-ship cruise missiles. 1959..1960. 156 Tu-16A and Tu-16A(ZA) were converted to Tu-16KSR-2-11. some Tu-16KSR-2A were converted to Tu-16KSR-2-11. entered service in 1962.
  42. Tu-16K-11-16 - (K-11-16 complex) 441 a/c were converted from Tu-16KS (Tu-16K-11-16KS) and Tu-16S.
  43. Tu-16K-26 30.0K Badger-G Mod - ?
  44. Tu-16K-26P -
  45. Tu-16K-10 -
  46. Tu-16K -
  47. Tu-16K-10N -
  48. Tu-16K-10D -
  49. Tu-16K-10P -
  50. Tu-16K-10-26 -
  51. Tu-16K-10-26N -
  52. Tu-16K-10-26P -
  53. Tu-16K-10-26B -
  54. Tu-16KRM -
  55. Tu-16KRME -
  56. Tu-16NKRM -
  57. Tu-16NM -
  58. M-16 - remotely controlled target.
  59. M-16 "Orbita" - remotely controlled target. one converted. 1990.
  60. Tu-16U -
  61. Tu-16KP -
  62. Tu-16G -
  63. Tu-104G -
  64. Tu-16 "Tsiklon-N" -
  65. Tu-16AFS -
  66. Tu-16LL - many flying labs
  67. Tu-16F 318.8K - ?
  68. Tu-16PP - electronics warefare aircraft. still flying!
  More: 1 81.8K, 2 64.3K.
  Chinese: H-6 132.2K.
• Tu-20 Bear-A/B - Incorrect western designation of the Tu-95 'Bear'. 'Bear' is better known under its factory designation because the Tu-20 name was uncertain.
  Four-turboprop long-range strategic bomber and reconnaissance aircraft. Four 14,795 shp Kuznetsov NK-12 turbprops. Bear A has 2 23 mm cannon in each of dorsal, ventral, and tail positions, plus one 23mm cannon fixed in forward-firing position. Up to 25,000 lb offensive load. Many converted to reconnaissance and stand-off missile launching roles.
  See Tu-95.
• Tu-22 16.1K Blinder - Supersonic medium-range bomber (bureau designation Tu-105), a swept-wing aircraft with two engines positioned as the base of the tailfin. Its limited range was its main disadvantage.
  The Tu-22 was first soviet transonic bomber in service. The position of engines made aircraft Twin-engine long-range medium bomber. Two 19,180 lb. st. Mikulin AM-3M turbojets. Crew of 6, 20,000 lb. offensive load. 2 23 mm cannon in each of dorsal, ventral, and tail positions, one fixed forward firing 23-mm cannon. Many converted to platforms for stand-off missiles. Difficult to fly at high speeds. Its powerful radar was used as mini-AWACS to vector interceptors. Twin-engine long-range medium bomber and reconnaissance-strike aircraft. First seen in 1961. Entered service in 1962. Two 30,000 lb. st. (with AB) Kolesov VD-7 turbojets mounted side by side above the rear fuselage.
  Five seats. Two 11800kg Kolesov VD-7. 1960.
  Sold to Libia, Iraq.
  Modifications:
  • Tu-22B - bomber.
  • Tu-22K 20.9K Blinder-B - X-22 missile carrier.
    More: 1 34.2K.
  • Tu-22U - trainer. navigator cockpit replaced with instructor cockpit. 1960.
  • Tu-22R - recco. 1961.
    IFF system SRZO-2M. By Off-Topic.
  • Tu-22P - AEW version. 1961.
  • Tu-22KP - X-22P anti-radar missile carrier. 1962.
  • Tu-22RD/KD/KPD/PD/UD - (Dalnij) long range version with aerial refuelling. 1962.
  • Tu-22RK/RDK - radio recco.
  • Tu-22KM - early name of Tu-22M, 1969???
  • Tu-22M-0 - early name of Tu-22M, 1969???
  • Tu-26 - proposed name for Tu-22M.
  • Tu-22M 38.2K/Tu-26 Backfire - This is the designation originally reported for the 'Backfire' bomber. During arms reduction talks, the US claimed that the Tu-26 was an all-new aircraft and a strategic bomber; the USSR said that the 'Backfire' was a development of the 'Blinder' and had no strategical capability.
    It is a big 'swing-wing' bomber, used as cruise missile carrier and naval patrol aircraft. Despite its size, Backfire has D-shaped or rectangular (C version) wing root intakes, just like a fighter.
    Rear radar cued cannon is part of ECM suit of the a/c. Special chaff rounds could be used.
    First flown 30-Aug-1969.
    Modifications:
    • Tu-22MO 30.7K - ?
      More: 1 19.0K, 2 29.4K, 3 21.1K, 3 12.4K.
    • Tu-22M2 29.3K - Serial production since 1973.
      Modifications:
      • Tu-22M2PP - AEW?
      More: 1 5.1K.
    • Tu-22M3 29.0K/Tu-26 Backfire-C - Two 245.3kN Kuznetsov NK-25. Four seats.

      «Independant Military Review», No14, 1997

      Long-range bomber/missile carrier is intended to strike with guided super-sonic missiles and bombs (nuclear/conventional) against optically visible or radio-contrast single or area-distributed fixed or moving surface targets.
      Developed by Aviation Science and Technology Complex (ANTK) named after A.N.Tupolev.
      Produced by Kazan Aviation Production Union (APO) named after S.P.Gorbunov.
      Tu-22M3 is a variable geometry (20..65 deg) low-winger. Two twin-contour NK-25 turbojets (max 25,000kgs AB thrust). Crew of 4. KT-1 ejectable seats capable to eject in 0..practical-ceiling altitude range and minimum of 130km/h speed. Max take-off weight: 124t. Max combat load: 24t (normal: 6t). Fuel: 53t. Combat operation radius: 2200km. Max speed at high altitude: 2000km/h. Practical ceiling: 15,000m. Dimensions: length 42.6m, heigth 11.6m, max wing span 34.3m.
      Tu-22M3 has navigation system, surface target detection radar, optical television automatic bombardment targeting system, automatic onboard control system, automatic missiles control system. The a/c is capable to automatically follow the flight program and apply weapon.
      "All conditons" operations in tactical and strategic depth.
      Weapon is fitted in the single bay and on four external pylons. Tu-22M3 can carry up to 3 X-22 cruise missiles, bombs (including nuclear) and mines up to 24t. Combat load can be combined. Modernized weapon complex includes 6 X-15s in the rotary and 4 X-15s under the wings.
      Self-defense weapon consists of remotely controlled (radar/TV) GSh-23 gun. The gun is capable to disperse radio and IR jummers.
      Tu-22M development was started in 1960s as a deep modification of just-created but obsoleted Tu-22. First flown 30-Aug-1969. Mass production version - Tu-22M2 (1973). First Tu-22M3s appeared in the regiment under control of Petr Deinekin, who is the chief of VVS now. Tu-22M3 (1977) superceeded Tu-22M2 more than twice in combat efficiency. It was unofficially announced the appearance of Tu-22M4 in 1990. Tu-22Ms lost the aerial refuelling capability due to the LSA-2 treatment. Serial production of Tu-22Ms continued until the resent time. About 450 a/c were built (about 60% of them entered service in Naval Missile Carrying Aviation to operate against the aircraft carriers). Tu-22Ms were used in strikes against modjakheds in Afganistan (particulary, in the order of regiment under control of Djokhar Dudaev).

      «The Military Balance»

      Russian VVS has 130 operable Tu-22M3, plus 30 Tu-22M2 and 90Tu-22 are stored. 90 Tu-22Mx are operated by Russian VMF (Navy). Few dosens of Tu-22s are in service in Ukraine Armed Forces.

      More: 1 21.4K, 2 24.8K, 3 11.2K, 4 10.6K, 5 15.8K, 6 12.8K, 7 15.7K, 8 13.9K, 9 14.4K, 10 13.4K, 11 11.1K, 12 12.0K, 13 109.7K, 14 123.4K, 13 82.3K, 14 63.5K, 15 24.5K. 16 68.9K.
      Draws: 1 10.7K, 2 5.0K.
      Authors ( ;-) ): 1 83.6K, 2 68.0K.
      Combat activity
      • Afganistan 1979..1988. None were lost.
  
  More: 1 26.4K, 2 19.4K, 3 14.5K, data sheet 11.5K, crashes [7.4K].
• Tu-24 - bomber/missile carrier. development of "98". predessor of Tu-128.
  Versions (never built):
  • "98A" - two AL-7F-1 engines. speed 1800-2000km/h. 2-3 P-15A or P-15M as a missile carrier or 1500kg (3000kg max) bombs as a bomber. Range 2000km (1.5t load, subsonic). Ceiling 17500..18000m. Normal take-off mass below 30000kg.
  • "98B" - two AL-7F-2 (or VD-15 or AL-9) engines. New bigger wing.
  • "122" - next development.
• Tu-26 - not a "Backfire" - Medium-range strategic bomber and maritime strike/reconnaissance aircraft. Two 50,000 lb. st. (with AB) Kuznetsov turbofans. Twin-barrel 23-mm cannon in remotely-controlled tail barbette. Up to 26,500 lbs of internal stores. Stand-off missiles can be carried externally. Entered service in 1972-1973.
  See Tu-22M.
• Tu-28 17.5K Fiddler - early name of Tu-128. Really Tu-28-24 (Tu-28 with K-24 missiles) or Tu-28-80 (Tu-28 with K-80 missiles). Renamed by the order of Ministry of Defense No00134 of 12-Dec-1963 to "Tu-128S-4".
  Two AL-7F-2 or VD-19.
• Tu-54 - agricultural project. should be abandoned in summer 2002 if no investors (total USD 2,8..3 M, USD 0,5 M already used) will be found. estimated price about USD 120..130 K (with production at VASO, Voronezh). estimated marked about 600 aircrafts.
• Tu-70 Cart - predessor of Tu-75?
  Another data: [Ram-P] predessor of Tu-160. See ANT-70.
• Tu-75 - Transport, developed from the Tu-4. No production.
• Tu-77 [Type-9] - service designation Tu-12; experimental bomber; sometimes also reported as 'Tu-4' or 'Tu-8'; first seen Mar 1947 Soviet Aviation Day, Tushino.
• Tu-80 Bull - Bomber, an improved Tu-4. Four ASh-73TKFN engines. Range up to 8200km. No serial production. 1949.
• Tu-81 [Type-35] - service designation Tu-14; later the NATO Reporting Name 'Bosun' was assigned; sometimes also reported as Tu-89; first seen 1952 Soviet Aviation Day, Tushino.
• Tu-82 Butcher - Swept-wing jet bomber. No production. Speed 934km/h.
• Tu-85 Barge [Type-31] - heavy bomber; later the NATO Reporting Name 'Barge' was assigned; sometimes also reported as 'Myasishchev M-13'; first seen 1951 Soviet Aviation Day, Tushino; first flown Jan 1951.
  Bomber, a scaled-up Tu-80 with intercontintal range. The last design of a heavy bomber with such engines in the world.
  Four 3800/4300hp Dobrynin VD-4K X-type engines. Eight seats. Max range: 8850km normal, 12018km with 5 tons of bombs. Speed 635-638km/h at 10000m, 459km/h at ground. Normal bomb load 5000kg. Max load 18000-20000kg. Wing span 56m. Length 40m. Mass: 54711kg empty, 76000kg normal, 94250-107000kg max.
  No production. 1948-1950.
• Tu-86 - Jet bomber project. TR-3 engines. Abandoned. The Tu-88 design was preferred.
• 88 [Type-39] Product N - service designation Tu-16 assigned 11-Jul-1952. entered service 28-May-1954. later the NATO Reporting Name 'Badger' was assigned. first seen in Moscow 1-May-1954.
  Two were built:
  1. 88/1 - First flown 27-Apr-1952. Damaged 30-Mar-1953. Used for ground tests.
  2. 88/2 - second prototype. finished in construction in beginning of 1953. 13-Feb-1953 was moved to flight and tuning base. 14-Mar-1953 was passed to flight tests. 6-Apr-1953 first flown.
  Monography in "Aviation And Time" No1,2 2001.
• Tu-89 Bosun - ?
• 90 - improved version of "88"/Tu-16. declined.
• Tu-91 170.3K Boot ("Bychok") - Naval attack bomber. The operational need for the Tu-91 disappeared after Stalin's death, when the ship-building program was cut back and the carriers cancelled. Moreover, there were more pure political troubles. There was a competeting Ilyushin's project, and Ilyushin's team was considered to be more skilled in this class of aircraft. Another trouble was that Tu-91 was demonstrated to N.S.Khruschew with rocket armament option, despite it was known that Nikita Sergeevich always was skeptical about efficiensy of air-surface rockets...
  The aircraft is also known as "Chiz-Pin-Bog-15Sh" for "Chizhevski, Pinegin, Bogdanov, and Shumov" designers or "Bychok" (a fish). Designed by folks from just disbanded Sukhoi's OKB. from "Wings of Motherland" Dec 1991
  The Tu-91 had a powerful turboprop in the mid fuselage, behind the cockpit, with split exhausts behind the wing roots. It had a big three-bladed contra-rotating propeller. It had straight wings, but slightly swept tail surfaces.
  Wing span 16.4m, area 47.48m². Length 17.70m (fuselage 15.955). Height 5.06m. Stabilizer span 6m, area 10.2m². Tail area 5.05m². Wing swepth roots 19°12'45'', consoles 8°1'29''. Max takeoff mass 14400kg, normal 12850kg. Max payload 1500kg, normal 1050kg. Max speed 800km/h at 8000m alt w/out undercarriages. Max range 2350km. Take off run 518m, landing run 522m (no wraps), or 438m (w/wraps). One 7650hp TV-2M. Cockpit and head armoured with APBA-1 armor 8..18mm (total 550kg of armor).
  Load: 1xFAB-1500, or 3xFAB-500, or 6xFAB-150, or 12xFAB-100, or anti-submarine bombs of 500kg and 100kg. TAN-53, or "45-36 MAN", or "45-36 MAV", torpedoes, or 3x RAT-52 jet torpedoes, or inertial-hydrodynamic mine IGDM, or anchor mine "Lira", or floating mine APM. (All torpedoes in bomb bay!) 8xTRS-212, or 36xTRS-132, or 120xTRS-85, or 120xAPS-85 rockets. 2x23mm wing mounted cannons and 2x100 rounds. Remotly controlled rear firing cannon DK-15 with R-23 cannon and 200..300 rounds.
  1955.
  See also Tu-14 and MiG-19 "Tiger".
  More: 1 38.3K.
  Story: 1 [10.6K].
• Tu-95 8.5K Bear - The Tu-95 is in many respects an unlikely aircraft. It is an heavy bomber with a slender fuselage, swept wings, and four extremily powerful turboprop engines driving contrarotating propellers -- more than enough for the West not to take it serious at first. But more than 30 years after its first appearance, it was still in production as a marimitime patrol aircraft and cruise missile carrier. Air force designation was Tu-20, but "95" project index preserved to save lots of paper. Never sold to foreign countries.
  The govermental order dated Jul 1951. Draft project - Sep 1951. First "95-1" built - 20-Sep-1951. First flown 12-Nov-1951. Four TV-12 12000hp engines.
  IFF system SRZO-2M, SRO-2P, SO-69. By Off-Topic.
  See Tu-20.
  Modifications:
  • "95-1" - proto - Range 14200km. Speed 890km/h max. Altitude 13500m max. Max take-off mass 156t.
  • Tu-95 proto [Type-40] - service designation Tu-20; later the NATO Reporting Name 'Bear' was assigned; first seen 1955 Soviet Aviation Day, Tushino.
  • Tu-95M 32.7K Bear-A - Original 'Bear-A' was a free-fall bomber and carries only small radar under nose. Four 14795hp Kuznetsov NK-12M. Range 13200km. Speed 905km/h max, 750km/h cruising. Max alt 11900m. Max take-off mass 182t.
  • Tu-95 Bear-B - has the 'Top Crown' radar under nose and refueling probe in front of cocpit
  • Tu-95 Bear-C - a dual recco and bomber version. Differs from 'Bear-B' by having blisters on both sides of the rear fuslage. Capable to carry AS-3 'Kangaroo' under belly.
  • Tu-95 Bear-D - equipped with 'Mushroom' chin radar and the enormous 'Big Buldge' under the belly is a general purpose maritime version.
  • Tu-95 Bear-E - maritime recco version similar to "Bear-A' but has refueling probe, rear blister fairings and cameras in the veapon bay.
  • Tu-95 Bear-F - an anti-submarine version with smalled under-belly radar than one of 'Bear-D'. It also features extended forward fuselage and MAD projection from the tailfin.
  • Tu-95K Bear-G - looks like 'Bear-B/C' but subsonic 'Kangaroo' is replaced by supersonic air-surface AS-4 'Kitchen'.
  • Tu-95MS 36.2K Bear-H - the new-build cruise missile (AS-X-15) carrier. It has radar similar to the 'Top Crown' of the 'Bear-B/C'. 1985.

    «Independant Military Review», No14, 1997

    Strategic missile carrier. Tu-95MS is intended to strike with nuclear and conventional missiles against the most important targets at remote regions and in the depth of continental operational theatres.
    Developed by Aviation Science and Technology Complex (ANTK) named after A.N.Tupolev.
    Produced by Samara Aviation Production Union (APO). First a/c were assembled at Taganrog machinery plant.
    Tu-95MS is a freely carrying arrow-wing middle-winger. Four NK-12MP turbofans (two engines redundancy). Aerial refuelling system. Max take-off weight: 185t. Max combat load: 20t (normal: 9t). Fuel: 84t. Practical range at normal load: 10,500km (6,500km at max load). Max speed at high altitude: 830km/h (550km/h at ground level). Practical ceiling: 12,000m. Dimensions: length 49.6m, heigth 13.3m, wing span 50.05m. Crew of 7. Crew comfort significantly improved as compared to previous versions. "All conditions" operations.
    Tu-95MS can carry 6 cruise missiles X-55 (rotary launch unit) in the bay. There were versions for 6 and 16 missiles (extra 10 missiles under the wings), but they were converted to 6-missiles Tu-95MS under «SAL-2 treatment».
    Self-defense weapon consists of rear firing 23mm twin gun and ECM system. Targeting radar is capable to search, track, and fire against enemy fighters in the rear semisphere automatically.
    Tu-95MS is the last version of Tu-95 bomber (first flown in 12-Nov-1952). Experimental missile carrier was built in Sep 1979. Serial production - since 1981 to early 1990s. First Tu-95MS entered service in 1982. USSR had 84 Tu-95MS to 1991 (mostly in Ukraine and Kazakhstan). Some sources report 65 Tu-95MS in Russian VVS today. 21 Tu-95MS left in Ukraine. Obsolete Tu-95K and Tu-95K-22 are now dismounted.

    More: 1 100.3K,
  Versions:
  • Tu-95A/MA Bear-A - nuclear weapon carrier. termostabilized bomb bay. white radiation protection cover at the bottom.
  • Tu-95U Bear-A - trainer. red stripe before stabilizer. almost none left alive.
  • Tu-95V - 100 megaton H-bomb carrier. One built.
    First used as a special trainer (with a mockup of H-bomb) until 1959. Then used as a generic trainer in Uzin until 1961. Then moved to Vaenga, painted with highly rejective white coverage, electrical parts upgraded, bomb bay cover was removed. 30-Oct-1961 the Tu-95V under control of Durnovtsev has flown to Novaya Zemlya and tested the first aerial H-bomb (75..120Mt, 100Mt reported (in fact, the yield was at about 50 Mt [50000000 tons of TNT - more than enough] - correction by Audrius Kasinskas)). The bomb exploded at 4500m alt. After the tests the a/c was stored at ground for a long time, then used to transfer large parts of Tu-144 from Moscow to Novosibirsk, then converted to trainer and utilized in late 1980s. (from «Aviation World» 5/96)
    See also: The High Energy Weapons Archive.
  • Tu-95K Bear-B - X-20 missile carrier for K-20 system. 26-Oct-1954. production until 1962 at facility No18.
  • Tu-95N - carrier for supersonic sub-bomber RS (from Tsybin OKB-256). 30-Jul-1955 to 1958. one built.
  • Tu-95KU - trainer version of Tu-95K.
  • Tu-95DT - "Desantno-transpornyj" cargo version. Tu-114 preferred. 1955.
  • Tu-95 with extra fuel tanks - one built. 1957.
  • Tu-95LL - flying laboratory for 105A (Tu-22). 1957-1958. 15 years in service. replaced with Tu-142LL.
  • Tu-95LAL - flying atomic laboratory. mid 1950s. nuclear engine tests.
  • Tu-95K-10 - K-10 missile carrier (from Tu-16K-10 system). 2-Jul-1958. rejected.
  • Tu-95S - carrier for S-30 cruise missile (from Tsybin OKB-256). 1958-1961. abandoned.
  • Tu-95 "Pritok" - landed spacecraft search a/c. 1960. two built.
  • Tu-95 hyper-sonic aircraft carrier - for air-space a/c "130" and rocket plane "Zvezda". much in common to U.S. X-15 project. Korolev's R-7 system preferred.
  • Tu-95KD - aerial refuelling version of Tu-95K. 2-Jul-1958, 28-Apr-1959, 20-May-1960, 1-st test 5-Jul-1961 to Sep 1961, 2-nd test 17-Oct-1961 to 30-Jan-1962. 20+ built.
  • Tu-95KM Bear-C - modernized version of Tu-95KD (new missile X-20M). late 1960s. Range 12500km. Speed 905km/h max, 700km/h cruising. Max alt 11600m. Max take-off mass 182t.
  • Tu-95M-5 - Tu-95/Tu-95M modernized for KSR-5 missiles. K-95-26 system. Feb 1973 to May 1977.
  • Tu-95 AEW - equipped with SPS-22, SPS-33, SPS-44, SPS-55, and SPS-77 AEW stations.
  • Tu-95R - recco. project.
  • Tu-95M - modernized version. Wing span ~50m. Wing area ~285m². Length ~50m. Max bomb load 12t. Bomb caliber up to 9t. Three remotely controlled twin guns AM-23. Range 13200km. Speed 905km/h max, 750km/h cruising. Max alt 11900m. Max take-off mass 182t.
    IFF system SRZO-2M, SRO-2P, SO-69. By Off-Topic.
  • Tu-95RTs Bear-D - maritime recco/target poiner. developed in 1959-1966.
  • Tu-95MR Bear-E - recco. four built. 1964.
  • Tu-95K-22 Bear-G - X-22 missile carrier for K-95-22 system. Feb 1973.
  • Tu-95KM No 2607 - carrier for MiG-105.11 "Spiral". 1977. Wing span ~50m. Wing area ~285m². Length ~50m. Max bomb load 12t. Bomb caliber up to 9t. Three remotely controlled twin guns AM-23. Range 12500km. Speed 905km/h max, 700km/h cruising. Max alt 11600m. Max take-off mass 182t.
  • Tu-95MS Bear-H - Wing span ~50m. Wing area ~285m². Length ~50m. Max bomb load 12t. Bomb caliber up to 9t. One remotely controlled twin gun AM-23. Range 10500km. Speed 830km/h max, 750km/h cruising. Max alt 10500m. Max take-off mass 185t. Raduga RKV-500A (X-55) missile carrier. modernized Tu-142MK. 1978-1979. Production since 1983 in Taganrog.
    Subversions:
    • Tu-95MS-6 - 6 X-55 in the bomb bay.
    • Tu-95MS-16 - 6 X-55 in the bomb bay and 10 X-55 on underwing carriage. Downgraded to Tu-95MS-6 due to SALT-2.
  Developments:
  • Tu-96 - TV-16 engines. new airscrews from OKB-120. development 29-Mar-1952 to summer 1956. one built.
  • 99 - turbo-jet version. Myasistchev 3M preferred.
  • Tu-114 - civil development
  • Tu-116 - civil version. aka Tu-114D (Diplomatic).
  • Tu-119 - nuclear engine a/c project.
  • Tu-126 Moss - the first Soviet AWACS aircraft with more capacitous fuselage
  • Tu-142 - 1973
  More: 1 21.7K, 2 11.4K, 3 22.1K, 4 54.0K, 5 27.7K, 6 40.3K, 7 23.5K, 8 14.7K, 9 22.9K, 10 18.2K, 11 28.7K, 12 11.9K, 13 13.4K, 14 22.0K, 15 48.8K.
  

  Стратегический бомбардировщик Ту-95

  11-Nov-1952 года, состоялся первый полет стратегического турбовинтового бомбардировщика Ту-95. Это самолет с восемью ТВД ТВ-2Ф, сведенными попарно в четыре установки с редуктором уникальной конструкции на опытном самолете и с четырьмя ТВД НК-12 - на серийных. По схеме - среднеплан со стреловидным крылом большого удлинения. Шасси с передней опорой, с четырехколесными тележками на основных опорах.

  Каждый из двигателей приводит во вращение (в противоположных направлениях) два соосных четырехлопастных винта, оборудованных системой автофлюгирования. Ту-95, как и Ту-16, стал в процессе развития ракетоносным комплексом. Имел ряд модификаций различною назначения. Строился серийно.

  Модификация Ту-95МС - составная часть ударного авиационного комплекса, в который входят самолет-носитель, ракеты класса "воздух-поверхность" (шесть крылатых ракет), оборонительный комплекс. На Ту-95МС установлено оборудование для заправки топливом в полете по системе "шланг-конус". Экипаж 7 человек.

• Tu-96 - development of Tu-95. tested in 1956. non-serial production.
  Modifications:
  • Tu-96MR - recce/AEW.
• Tu-98 Backfin - Supersonic medium jet bomber. First appeared in 1957. Did not enter production.
  The Tu-98 was a swept-wing aircraft with engine intakes high on the forward fuselage, halfway the cockpit and the wing leading edges. There was no production, but from 1956 to 1960 Western sources claimed that the aircraft was in service as the 'Yak-42'.
  Two Lyulka AL-7. Three seats. 1955.
  Modifications:
  • Tu-28P - heavy long-range fighter/interceptor
• Tu-99 - turbo-jet version of Tu-95. Myasistchev 3M preferred.
• Tu-102 Fiddler - Precursor of the Tu-28P.
• 103 - [Designation reused!] development project of "88" with new engines.
• Tu-104 23.4K Camel - Twin-engine commercial jet transport. Adapted from Tu-16 bomber. Two 15,000 lb. st. Mikulin RD-3M turbojets. First entered service in 1956.
  The first Soviet mass production jet civil passenger/transport.
  Modifications:
  • Tu-107 - experimental military transport version
• Tu-105 Blinder - See Tu-22.
• Tu-107 98.0K - Experimental military transport version of the Tu-104.
• Tu-110 21.7K Cooker - Four-engined commercial transport. Evolved from Tu-104 transport. Four Lyulka AL-5 turbojets, 12,125 lb. st. each. (another data: four Lyulka AL-7 turbojets, 5000kgf. each for Tu-110A or four D-20P turbojets for Tu-110B) First flown in Mar 1957. 4 (or 3?) units were built.
• Tu-114 "Russia" 18.2K Cleat - Four-engine turboprop commercial transport. Wing, undercarriage, and tail of Tu-20 bomber. Four 14,795 shp Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprops. First proto flown in Nov 1957. Entered service in 1961. End of production in 1965. Derivative from Tu-95 Bear and base for the first Soviet AWACS aircraft Tu-126 Moss. 32 (or 35?) built. Single (non-technical) crash in Sheremetevo in Feb 1966 for 50,000 flights over 15 years.
  Regular Moscow-Habana non-stop flights over Nothern Pole.
  

  Пассажирский межконтинентальный самолет Ту-114

  15-Nov-1957 года, 40 лет назад, состоялся первый полет Ту-114 - межконтинентального турбовинтового пассажирского самолета с четырьмя ТВД НК-12МВ, построенного на базе Ту-95. По схеме это моноплан с низко расположенным крылом и подвижным стабилизатором. Самолету были присущи особенности аэробуса. На верхней палубе, помимо салонов, где в удобных креслах размещалось 220 пассажиров, имелось четыре трехместных спальных купе. Пассажиров обслуживали шесть бортпроводниц. С конца 50-х годов Ту-114 был флагманом "Аэрофлота" и эксплуатировался на линиях большой протяженности, связывающих Москву с Хабаровском, Дели, Нью-Иорком, Токио, Гаваной.

• Tu-116 22.9K - civil version of Tu-95. aka Tu-114D (Diplomatic). 1956. two built (7801 & 7802).
  More: 1 51.0K.
• Tu-119 - nuclear engine a/c project. NK-14A engines. 1961-1965-1974. abandoned just after U.S. program of nuclear engines for B-36.
• Tu-121 - «Product "S"».
  Mobile medium range nuclear supersonic cruise missile (designated as a "strike airplane").
  Developed under the govermental order of 23-Sep-1957.
  All-metal normal scheme monoplane. Triangle wing (67deg front edge, no control surfaces). Whole-turn stabilizer and rudder. One special built Tumanski KR-15-300 afterburning turbojet engine (10000kgf). Two solid fuel boosters 75000-80000kgf each (passive detachment). Special multimode controllable underfuselage air intake with jettisoned limiting collector for low speed fraction of trajectory and ring ejector nozzle. Integrated fuel tanks. Integrated nuclear warhead. (Astro-inertial navigation system. Astro-correcting unit was the same as on Lavochkin's «Burya» and Myasistchev's «Buran».) Wing span 8.4m. Length 24.77m. Heigth (in flight) 4.614m. Fuselage diameter 1.7m. Take off mass ~35000kg. Cruising speed 2775km/h. Max range 3880km (with front wing of 40m/s all the way). Flight altitude 19900m at the start and 24100m at the target. Chassis MAZ-535.
  First imitator fire tests in winter 1958-1959 in Faustovo. First real flight 25-Aug-1959 06:00 Moscow time. 5 units flown.
  Program terminated in 1960. Ballistic missiles preferred.
  Designed by "Division K" of OKB-156 by A.A.Tupolev.
• Tu-123 - [Designation reused!]
  • Tu-123 - «Product "D"».
    Intercontinental enlarged version of Tu-121 developed in parallel.
    Non-afterburning NK-6 turbojet engine (18000-22000kgf). Termo-nuclear warhead. Astro-inertial navigation system.
    See also: pic.1 35.9K, pic.2 34.1K
  • Tu-123 118.8K DBR-1 Yastreb - unmanned supersonic recce aircraft.
    Developed under the govermental order of 16-Aug-1960.
    DBR-1 was intended for aerial recconnaisance of missile positions, airfields, military industry objects, naval bases and sea ports, concentrated troops or ships, air/missile defense systems, and the results of nuclear/chemical weapon strikes.
    Photo-recce 60-80km x 2700km in 1km:1cm scale. Photo-recce 40km x 1400km in 200m:1cm scale. Signal-recce 300km side view.
    Derived from Tu-121. All-metal normal scheme monoplane. Triangle wing (67deg front edge, -2deg rear edge) without control surfaces. Tapered all-turn stabilizers. Six section fuselage. 2800kg reusable radio/photo recce head module. AFA-41/20M and AFA-54/100M cameras. Signal detector SRS-6RD "Romb-4a". One R-15K-300 turbojet (50 hours resource). Two PRD-52 (thrust 75000-80000kgf) startup 5-second solid fuel engines.
    Start position includes SARD-1 (STA-30) trailer on MAZ-537 chassis, SURD-1 (ST-30) launcher, and KARD-1S (KSM-123) start/control truck. Wing span 8.414m. Length 27.825m. Heigth in flight 4.781m. Take-off mass 35610kg (with boosters). Initial mass 28611kg (without boosters). Empty mass 114500kg (at final). Cruising speed 2700km/h. Technical range 3560-3680km. Flight altitude 19000m at the start and 22800m at the final.
    Factory tests in Sep 1961. Jount state and military tests Sep 1961 to Dec 1963. Entered service 23-May-1964. 52 built at facility 64 in 1964-1972. Retired in 1979. No real recce flights.

    (2-Dec-1995) The massive Yastreb strategic reconnaissance UAV used the same engine as the MiG-25 `Foxbat'. The first part of `Russian reconnaisance UAVs' appears in the December issue of Pointer (Jane's Intelligence Review's Monthly Supplement). © P Butowski 1995.

    Modifications (none built):
    • Tu-123M - unmanned target.
    • ? - recce/strike aircraft (nuclear cruise missile) with nuclear engine. Turbojet engine with builtin reactor and heat exchanger.
    • ? - high speed (3-4M) tail-less version.
    • ? - "strike" version (nuclear cruise missile) with enlarged warhead.
    • ? - last stage of rocket-aviation strike system "DP" (as a replacement for unmanned gliding airplane "130").
    • Tu-123P Yastreb-P - manned version.
    • Tu-139 Yasterb-2 DBR-2 - parachute version. Flown! See Tu-139.
    More: 1 32.3K, 2 (from tupolev.ru) 71.2K.
• Tu-124 69.6K Cookpot - Twin-engine commercial jet transport. Scaled down version of Tu-104. Two 12,125 lb. st. Solovlev D-20P turbofans. Entered service in 1962.
  More: 1 25.2K.
• Tu-125 - replacement of Tu-22. abandoned. See also. More: 1 [6.2K].
• Tu-126 45.8K Moss - Four-engined airborne warning and control system aircraft. Adaptation of Tu-114 commercial transport to AWACS role.
  The Tu-114, a civil development of the 'Bear' with a more capacious fuselage, was the basis for the first Soviet AWACS aircraft, the 'Moss'. (The Tu-114D or Tu-116 retained the narrow fuselage.) Its capability has been the subject of many contradictory assesments. For example, it had poor look-down capability, and was not able to track cruise misslies and other low flying objects. Tu-24 is (possibly) service designation for Tu-126.
  Four 14795hp Kuznetsov NK-12MV turboprops. 1962.
  Replaced by Ilushin&Beriev A-50 in mid 80s.
• Tu-128A 36.5K Fiddler (Monino Museum, Moscow 26-Aug-1995) - The Tu-28 (bureau designation Tu-128) is a development of the Tu-98 bomber. It is probably the largest fighter ever built, and armed with outsized missiles. Around 200 were built, to patrol to vast areas of Siberia, which are not protected by a SAM screen.
  Tu-28P: Two seats. Two 11000kg Lyulka AL-21F. 1961. Entered service Jun 1965 (order MoD No0040). Retired in 1992.
  34,000-45,000 kg class interceptor. Owns its origin to Tu-98 "mystery bomber" which was developed as a tactical transonic bomber. Tu-28 is the largest interceptor in the world. It main objective was to intercept B-52 long before they approached the soviet airspace. Twin-engined, two seat long-range all-weather interceptor. Two Lyulka AL-21F-3 turbojets, 24,250 lb. st. with AB. Derived from Tu-98 bomber.
  Never sold to foreigners.
  Many NATO automatic recce aerostatic balloons were shot down by Tu-128s in 1970s.
  Prototypes:
  • Tu-98 - jet bomber
  • Tu-102 - prototype designation
  Modifications:
  • Tu-128 (article "I") - a/c for Tu-128S-4 intercept complex. two AL-7F-2 engines. 1 testbed + 187 serial werre built.
  • Tu-128UT (article "I-UT") - trainer. 4 were converted from serial Tu-128 + 10 new were built. 1966.
  • Tu-28A-80 - aerial intercept system (Smerch-A radar, K-80 missiles). early 1960s. abandoned
  • Tu-128M (article "IM") - modernized. a/c for Tu-128S-4M intecept complex. new R-4TM missiles and radar "Smerch-M". designed in 1968, entered service in 1979. 2 new were built + few converted.
  • Tu-128 2AL-7F-4G - serial a/c converted for new experimental engines.
  • Tu-128 2RD-19R2 - upgrade project.
  • Tu-128 2R-15B-300 - upgrade project.
  • Tu-128 2RD-36-41 - upgrade project.
  • Tu-128LL 2VD-19 - flying lab for Tu-28 project.
  • Tu-28A - upgrade project for VD-19 engines, K-80M missiles, and RP-SA "Smerch-A" radar (Tu-28A-80 complex) OR K-100 missiles and "Groza-100" radar (Tu-28A-100 complex).
  • Tu-128 multirole - development project
  • "138" - deep modernization project (Tu-138-60 and Tu-138-100 complexes)
    • Tu-138-60 - aerial intercept system (Tu-138, Smerch-A radar, K-60 missiles). early 1960s. abandoned
    • Tu-138-100 - aerial intercept system (Tu-138, Groza-100 radar, K-100 missiles). early 1960s. abandoned
  • "148" - deep modernization project (Tu-148-100 and Tu-148-33 complexes)
    • Tu-148-100 - multifunction system (Tu-148, Smerch-100 radar, K-100 missiles). early 1965. abandoned
    • Tu-148-33 - multifunction system (Tu-148, Zaslon radar, K-33 missiles). late 1960s. abandoned
  • Tu-128R - recce/AEW
  • Tu-128B - front line bomber project. 1969. abandoned.
  More: 1 27.8K, 2 49.4K.
• Tu-130 - short rage civil transport. development: Tu-136. project frozen.
• Tu-133 - «Product "SD"».
  Enhanced version of Tu-121.
  More fuel in integrated tanks plus an extra tank. Range of 5000-6000km.
  Never built. Program terminated in 1960.
• Tu-134 28.4K Crusty - Twin-engine short- to medium-range commercial transport. Two 14,990 lb. st. Soloviev D-30-2 turbofans mounted on rear fuselage. Entered service in 1966.
  Modifications:
  • Tu-134M - modernized version of joint russian and belorussian developers. New D-436T1-134 engines from Motor-Sich, Ukraine. First flight planned by end of year 2000.
• Tu-135 - project similar to XB-70 and M-56. four NK-6 engines x 22,500kgf. abandoned. not later 1962. See also. More: 1 [6.2K].
• Tu-136 - version of Tu-130 with engines optimized for liquid natural gas fuel. model successfully tested at TsAGI.
• Tu-136 - Competitor to MiG-110, [Mya-]"60", and Il-112V.
• Tu-138 - see Tu-128.
• Tu-139 71.2K - DBR-2 (Yastreb-2). Parachute version of Tu-123 Yastreb. Few built and tested. Landing mass 13500kg. 10 usage cycles. New ogival wing (like Tu-144). Reduced negative "V" of the wing. Enlarged parachute container in the tail. Russian first parachute of 1200-1500m² area. Solid fuel landing engines. Landing speed 10m/s (reduced to 2-3m/s with landing engines).
• Tu-141 21.9K VR-2 "Strizh" - unmanned recce. See Tu-123P, Tu-143.
  recce drone taken at Khodynka Aug 1995.
  More: Tu-141 in Monino 20.7K.
  See also: pic.1 35.9K, pic.2 34.1K
• Tu-142 Bear - A version of the Tu-95 Bear with extensively redesigned cocpit (glazed for maritime (anti submarine), flattened 'duckbill' for bomber version), front fuselage and wing. Also has larger propellers.
  Four 14795hp Kuznetsov NK-12MV. Speed: M0.83. Eight seats. Tested in 1968. Entered service in 1972.
  8 Tu-142MEh (Bear-F) sold to Indian Navy.
  Modifications:
  • Tu-142M 23.9K Bear - Wing span ~50m. Wing area ~285m². Length ~50m. Max bomb load 12t. Bomb caliber up to 9t. Three remotely controlled twin guns AM-23. Range 10500km. Speed 830km/h max, 735km/h cruising. Max alt 10500m. Max take-off mass 185t. 1975.
    [photo: arriving, RAF Fairford IAT 28-Jul-1994]
  • Tu-142MK - same as Tu-142M
  • Tu-142MK-E - export version
  • Tu-142MR 23.4K - radio retranslator. First flown in Jul 1977 in Taganrog.
  • Tu-142M-3 - ECM aircraft.
  • Tu-142VPMK 41.0K -
• Tu-143 49.9K VR-3 "Reis" - unmanned recce.
  Modifications:
  • Tu-243 "Reis-D" -
  • Tu-141 "Strizh" -
  
  See also: pic.1 35.9K, pic.2 34.1K
• Tu-144 22.8K Charger - Long-range supersonic commercial transport. Four 38,580 lb. st. (with AB) Kuznetsov NK-144 turbofans. Bellow the Tu-144 sits MiG-21I/21-11 "Analog", which was the test bed for the wing of the Tupolev supersonic airliner. Obviously, Tu-144 at Monino is late production type. 17 were built in Voronezh.
  Storyes: 1 [631]. 2 [26.6K]. 3 [2.8K], 4 [13.2K].
  Modifications:
  • Tu-144LL - "flying laboratory", experimental for developing a supersonic passenger aircraft of the XXI century. Flight tests in Ramenskoye since 1996. Designed by A.L.Pukhov. NASA invests $350 millions in the project.
    More: 1 37.7K, 2 51.4K.
  More: 1 73.5K, 2 42.6K, 3 43.5K, 4 46.3K, 5 48.8K.
• Tu-148 - see Tu-128.
• Tu-154 49.5K Careless - Three-engined medium- to long-range commercial transport. Three 20,950 lb. st. Kuznetsov NK-8-2 turbofans. Entered service in 1972.
  Modifications:
  • Tu-154B - K-8-2U engines
  • Tu-154M - D-30KU-154 engines, production will be terminated in 2002.
  • Tu-154-100 - ?
  12 Tu-154M and Tu-154-100 were sold to Iran for $100,000,000. They are to be delivered in Dec 1997 to Dec 1998 by Aviakor, Samara.
  Photos of cockpit from Dmitry Mikhnenko and Oleg Devjatkin.
• Tu-155 - Experimental version of Tu-154. Gas fuel (hydrogen) tests (one engine) for Tu-2000. Seen in Zhukovski. Story: 1 [2.7K]
• Tu-156 - production version of Tu-155. First flight planned for 1997 (no data so far, 2001). The entier program should be completed by 2005. Overall expences about RUR200M (75% from Rosaviakosmos, 15% from JSC "Tupolev", and 15% from STC named after N.Kuznetsov, Samara). NK-86 engines.
• Tu-160 7.0K Blackjack - Long-range strategic bomber and maritime strike/reconnaissance aircraft. Variable-geometry wings. Has a close physical resemblance to the Rockwell B-1B Lancer, although the Blackjack is appreciably larger and more powerful. Four 55,000 lb. st. (with AB) Soloviev turbofans. Up to 36,000 lbs. of weapons can be carried, including cruise missiles, attack missiles, and free fall bombs. Four seats. Four 22,940kg Kuznetsov NK-321.

  Four seats. Wing span 55.7m/35.6m. Length 54.1m. Thrust 4x25,000kgf. Max takeoff mass 275,000kg. Normal payload mass 30,000kg. Max payload mass 40,000kg. Max speed 2000km/h. Practical seiling 16,000m. Practical range 14,000km. Targeting and navigation system allows the automatic flight and weapon appliance in any weather conditions at any time and any place. Doubled inertial navigation system, astro-navigation system, multichannel digital communication system, Elint/Sigint/ECM system. Optics/electronics high precision laser-assisted targeting system capable to utilize correctible bombs. Tail cone is filled with "IR-traps" and chaff. Thermal pelengator at the very end of fuselage to detect a/c and missiles. The weapon (bombs and missiles) is loaded into two big bays. First flown 19-Dec-1981 by B.Veremey. Entered service in May 1987 at Priluki, Ukraine. Now the regiment of 6 a/c is based at Engels, Russia. 44 world records set.
  See also: 1 (in russian), 1 (in english).
  29 (24?) were built. 19 were "lost" in Ukraine (now they are being sold to US)...

  Modifications:
  • [Ram-P] - Tu-160 supersonic bomber prototype first observed 25-Nov-1981
  • Tu-160SK 31.5K - first stage of «Burlak» aero-space system to take light-weight satellites to the orbit.

  «Independant Military Review», No14, 1997

  Strategic super-sonic bomber/missile carrier. It is intended for strikes with nuclear and conventional weapons against important targets in remote regions and in the depth of continental operational theatres.
  Developed by Aviation Science and Technology Complex (ANTK) named after A.N.Tupolev.
  Produced by Kazan Aviation Production Union (APO) named after S.P.Gorbunov.
  Tu-160 has integral scheme planer with smooth wing-to-fuselage connection. Variable geometry wing (20..65 deg) provides different flight profiles, keeping high flying characteristics at sub- and super-sonic speed. Tu-160 has aerial refuelling system and some "stealth" features. 4 twin-contour turbojets NK-32 (max 25,000kgs AB thrust). 4 seats (ejectable K-36LM seats, capable to eject at zero level/speed). Max take-off mass 275 tonns. Combat load: max 40t, normal 9t. Fuel 148t. Practical range at normal load 14,000km (10,500km at max load). Max speed at high altitude: 2000km/h. Max speed at ground level: 1030km/h. Practical ceiling: 16,000m. Dimensions: 54.1m length, 13.1m height, 55.7m max wing span.
  Tu-160 has long-range surface target detection radar, ECM electronics, electronic remote control system, automated digital communication system, and other stuff enabling "all conditions" operations.
  Combat load is stored in two bays. Officially it carries 12 sub-sonic long-range nuclear cruise missiles X-55. The use of X-55M cruise missiles was taken into account at develompent. It was published, that Tu-160 is capable to carry X-15s as well. X-55 and X-15 are loaded into rotary launch units, 6 to 12 missiles per bay. Nuclear/conventional free-fall/guided bombs and mines can be carried as well. No self-defense weapon - ECM system is used instead.
  Tu-160SK is the first stage of «Burlak» aero-space system to take light-weight satellites to the orbit.
  Tu-160 was under development since early 1970s. First flown on 19-Dec-1981. Entered service in 1987. It was planned to build 100 a/c. 6 a/c now in use by Russian VVS. 19 a/c left in Ukraine, but they cannot be used as supposed.

  
  More photos: 1 24.0K, 2 (bottom) 25.2K, 3 (takeoff) 40.8K, 4 124.0K, 5 (parked) 38.4K. 6 17.6K, 7 17.2K, 8 22.5K, 9 (cockpit) 36.2K, 10 (top) 20.2K, 11 10.1K, 12 8.6K, 13 53.1K.
• Tu-180 - stealth bomber project?????
• Tu-200 - incorrect western designation for projects 471, 473, 474, and 485. ("471" - "first project of 1947 year.")
• Tu-204 23.0K - Replacement for Tu-154. Promouted under "Cargo Aircraft of Russia" program by the Russian Avia Consortium, FIG. Another data: actively used by Perm and Vnukovo air lines. Serial production at Ulyanovsk "Aviastar" facility, Samara. Two Soloviev PS-90A turbofans. First flown 2-Jan-1989, sertified in Dec 1994, first regular flight 23-Feb-1996. Priority program (Tu-204, Tu-214, and Il-96-300) of development.
  More: 1 .
  Modifications:
  • Tu-204-100 - base version. 160+12 seats. range 6000km. up to 21 tons of payload. costs at about $25M.
  • Tu-204-120 - 212 seats export version. Rolls Royce engines. List price $32..36M. "English" cocpit version will be sertified in 2001. Ordered by Egyptian company "Kato Aromatic" (a/c factory number 29, production in Ulyanovsk).
  • Tu-204-200 - 210 seats. estimated price USD26..28M. estimated market 200..400 units. By Ulyanovsk (Samara) JSC "Aviastar".
  • Tu-204-300 - long range version. renamed to Tu-304.
  • Tu-204-400 - new digital avionics. 230..240 seats. PS-90A2 engines.
  • Tu-204-500 - shortened version of Tu-204-300. first a/c is under construction. 230..240 seats. PS-90A2 engines.
  • Tu-204K - natural gas powered version. Tu-155/Tu-156 technologies.
  Kato Aromatic comapny, Egipt, is about to buy 15 Tu-204 w/ Rolls-Royce engines for USD35M each.
  More: 1 40.2K, 2 60.9K, 3 66.9K, 4 61.3K.
• Tu-206 - 210-seats natural gas fuelled version of Tu-204. costs at about $27.5M.
• Tu-214 46.5K - enlarged, 210 seats, long range version of Tu-204. Soloviev PS-90A turbofans. Production at Kazan Aviation Industrial Association named after Gorbunov. Temporary certificate issued on 22-Mar-2000. Certification passed in Jan 2001. The existance of the first serial Tu-214 (by Kazan facility) was declared on 13-Mar-2001. The first two aircrafts were ordered by "Dalavia" air company. The first one is planned to enter service in May 2001, the second - in Jun'2001. Confirmed operational range 7,200km (planned increase up to 11,000km). Priority program (Tu-204, Tu-214, and Il-96-300) of development.
  Modifications:
  • Tu-214F - (F - latin) - convertible cargo
  • Tu-214D - (D - cyrillics) - long range (9200km, extra fuel tanks)
  • Tu-214C³ - (C - latin) - convertible cargo/passenger, LD3-46 capable.
• Tu-230 - passenger/transport liner. about 20t load for 2000km to replace An-12. Designed by V.Bliznyuk. Development of Tu-334. D-436T-2 engines (gas fuel ok, production in Moscow). Cocpit of Tu-330 is used in whole.
• Tu-234 - 166 seats passenger. Expected sertification by 2001. Estimated price about USD25..26M. Estimated market about 150..200 units.
• Tu-243 49.9K "Reis-D" - unmanned recce.
  See also: pic.1 35.9K, pic.2 34.1K
• Tu-244 26.3K/Tu-2000 - very large transports (600-1,000 seats) and supersonic and hypersonic passenger aircraft. it's a joke :-) of foreign folks.
  300 passengers, 9,500km range. Planned new engines for liquid gas (-156° Celsius). Projected to 2010..2015 years.
  Another data for Tu-2000 - experimental air-space-craft with aerial launch. 1980s.
• Tu-300 49.9K - unmanned recce. Please, check the picture taken from tupolev.ru!
• Tu-304 - short fuselage, long range (up to 6500..8000km) version of Tu-204. renamed to Tu-314?
• Tu-314 -
• Tu-324 8.7K - hi-end buisness class a/c (Tu-324A - one to four to ten seats versions). cargo and passenger versions as well. 1000kg load to 7900km, or 3000kg load to 5900km, or 50 passengers to 2500km, or 30 passengers to 4550km, or 8..12 passengers ("administrative") to 7450km. AI-22 (3850kg thrust) engines. Development initiated in 1996. Developed to Tu-414. Certification expected by 2003. Project frozen at 80% tech docs ready state, USD80M (of total USD300M) were used (Nov'02).
• Tu-330 8.7K - (officialy) medium range cyvil transport. development of Tu-204. two PS-90A engines (NK-93 can be used). load about 100t. produced in Kazan. can have a military version.
  Another data: this is being built and is a modification of Tu-204's wing with completely new fuselage. Twin jet shoulder wing a/c capable of hauling some 15 tonns of payload 500 naut miles. This is less sophisticated a/c than An-70.
  Another data: High-wing jet-engined STOL transport, development of which began in 1994. The goal is for a 103500kg aircraft, with a maximum payload of 35000kg.
  Officially: the program will be resumed in year 2000. High level of unification to Tu-214. Estimated market is 700 to 1000 units (for both Tu-330 and Tu-230).
  June 2002 It flies.
  More: 1 16.1K, 2 7.0K.
• Tu-334 61.4K - medium range cyvil transport or 100-seats passenger. about 50t load. this a/c is to replace Tu-134. First flown Feb 1999 in LII. The a/c (version Tu-334-100) will be produced at Lukhovtsy, Moscow region. D-436 engines. 100-seat version of Tu-334 is expected to be sertified by the end of year 2001 (estimated marked of 1000 units at expected price at USD15M). Total 7 versions developed, including realized Tu-334-100 (102 seats, D-436T engines). Certification expected by 2003.
  More: 1 56.6K, 2 65.1K.
• Tu-404 - huge super-long-range cargo. project.
• Tu-414 10.6K - administrative a/c for 10..19 passengers or VIP version 1..4 seats or passenger version for 72 seats. Development of Tu-324. range 10000..11000km. speed 860..900km/h. Program cost about $350,000,000.00. Program duration - 4 years. Estimated market: 250..300 aircrafts. Competitors: M-60-70 and RRJ
• Tu-2000 19.0K [Designation reused!] - See Tu-244.
• Tu-2000 [Designation reused!] - Two seats experimental air-and-space craft. Program abandoned. See Tu-155.

Other series

• BOK-1 - Conversion of the RD-DB production version of the ANT-25 as high-altitude research aircraft.
• G-1 (Gruzovoj) - G-1 was a transport version of the TB-1.
• G-2 - G-2 was a transport version of the TB-3.
• KR-6 - Escort fighter version of the R-6 (ANT-7).
• MI-3 (Mnogomestnij Istrebitel) - Twin-engined multi-seat fighter. The MI-3 was an all-metal monoplane with retractable undercarriage, of stressed-skin construction with partial flush riveting. The engines were copies of the BMW VI. Only one MI-3 was built; after it was lost a redesign produced the MI-3D with a single tailfin. The ANT-29 was then already the preferred aircraft, and the MI-3bis did not enter production. Two 680hp M-17B. 1933. See also ANT-21.
• MR-6 (Morskoj Razwedchik) - Torpedo bomber version of the R-6.
• SB-2 - Designation unofficially applied to a version of the Tupolev SB. The designation SB-2-M100A only indicated that the SB had two M-100A engines.
• SB-3 - Designation unofficially applied to a version of the Tupolev SB.
• SRB - cancelled. 1940.

www.aviation.ru/14-Mar-2010 21:53:39 MSK