28-Nov-2008
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| Missiles 28-Nov-2008 |
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Janes:
AS-20 'KAYAK' (Kh-35/3M24/Kh-37)/SS-N-25 (3M60 URAN)/SSC-6 (3K60 BAL)
Type: Long-range, radar-guided, air-to-surface missile.
Development:
This air-, ship- and ground-launched missile was first seen at the 1992 Moscow Air Show. The missile
has the Russian designator Kh-35, or X-35 in the export version. The air-launched missile has the
NATO designator AS-20 'Kayak' and Russian designator 3M24. The ship-launched missile has the
NATO designator SS-N-25 'Switchblade' and the Russian designator 3M60 Uran, and the
ground-launched system has the NATO designator SSC-6 'Stooge' with the Russian designator 3K60
Bal. The Kh-35 missile is often referred to as 'Harpoonski' as it is similar to the US-designed
AGM/RGM-84 Harpoon. The Kh-35 was designed by Zvezda-Strela, who also designed the SS-N-9
'Siren' ship-launched missile. Kh-35 was originally intended as a naval surface-to-surface missile for
ship and coastal launch. However, like many other Russian missile programmes, it was decided also to
develop the Kh-35 as an anti-ship air-launched missile. Development of the ship-launched version
began in 1983 and work on the air-launched version started in 1987. There are unconfirmed reports that
studies are under way to look at firing Kh-35 missiles enclosed in capsules from submerged submarines.
In 1997, reports indicated that an upgraded version was in development, designated 3M24M1 and named Uranium, with a range increased to 250 km and incorporating Glonass (GPS) updates to provide
a land-attack capability. In 1998, a new variant, designated Kh-37, was reported. This has an imaging IR
seeker and it is believed to be in development for use as an air-launched, ship- and ground-launched
missile to supplement the present Kh-35 missile versions.
The air-launched version has been cleared for use on the Su-17 'Fitter', Su-24 'Fencer', Su-25
'Frogfoot', Su-27 'Flanker', Tu-142M 'Bear F' and MiG-29 'Fulcrum' aircraft, and will also be carried
by the Ka-27, Ka-28, Ka-29 'Helix' and Ka-50 'Hokum' naval helicopters.
A modified variant of the Kh-35 missile is also to be used as a Russian anti-ship missile target, to
exercise ship defence systems against threats such as Harpoon and Exocet.
Description:
AS-20 'Kayak' is similar in appearance to the US AGM-84 Harpoon. The missile has four clipped-tip
folding triangular-wings at mid-body and four smaller in-line clipped folding triangular moving control
fins at the rear. There is an engine air inlet under the body just forward of the wings, and the large air
duct runs between the wings all the way to the rear of the missile. The missile is 3.75 m long, has a body
diameter of 420 mm, a wing span of 1.3 m and weighs 480 kg at launch. Guidance is inertial in
mid-course with an active radar terminal seeker, which is reported to have ECCM capability. The active
radar is the ARGS-35, which operates in I/J-band (8 to 20 GHz) with a range of 20 km. The radar
searches for the ship target in both azimuth (?45?) and elevation (+10?, -20?). The radar seeker assembly
(less radome) weighs 40 kg and has a length of 0.7 m.
At launch, the missile descends to a low-cruise altitude, believed to be 10 to 15 m, determined by its
radio altimeter, and flies towards the target by inertial guidance under the power of its turbofan engine
at about M0.9. The active radar seeker is selected into its search and acquire mode at between 15 and 20
km from the target. When the seeker locks onto the target, the missile descends to an altitude of between
2 to 5 m for the terminal phase. The 145 kg HE warhead is a semi-armour-piercing fragmentation type
and is fitted with a delayed fuze. The Kh-35 is powered by a turbofan sustainer motor which is reported
to give the missile a maximum range of about 130 km when launched from between 200 to 5,000 m
altitude. The minimum range is 5 km. When launched from a helicopter a tandem boost motor, smaller
than that used on the ship-launched version, is added to the missile. The AS-20 missile is carried on an
AKU-58 rail launcher.
The improved 3M24M1 version has a launch weight of 575 kg, with increased fuel to extend the
range to 250 km. This version has an integrated INS/GPS navigation system, and is reported to have a
land-attack capability.
There are no details available on the Kh-37 imaging IR missile variant.
Operational Status:
The AS-20 'Kayak' (Kh-35) was displayed and offered for export at the 1992 Moscow Air Show. The
air-launched variant is reported to have entered service in 1983, and the ship-launched variant in 1987.
The SS-N-25 ship-launched version has been fitted to modified 'Krivak 1' and 'Gepard' class frigates.
The coastal defence SGC-6 version may have entered service, but this has not been confirmed. The
upgraded 3M24M1 missile is in development and may enter service in Russia in 2002. The Kh-37
variant, with an imaging IR seeker, is in development and is expected to enter service in 2002/2003.
SS-N-25 'Switchblade' missiles have been exported to India and Vietnam. It is expected that India
will purchase AS-20 missiles for use on their Su-30MKI aircraft, but there are no confirmed exports to
date.
Specifications AS-20 'Kayak':
Length: 3.75 m
Body diameter: 420 mm
Wing span: 1.3 m
Launch weight: 480 kg
Warhead: 145 kg HE SAP
Fuze: Impact
Guidance: Inertial with active radar
Propulsion: Turbofan
Range: 130 km
Contractor: Zvezda-Strela, Korolev.
Janes:
Type: Long-range, TV command-guided, air-to-surface missile.
Development: The Russian Kh-59M missile, or X-59M for the export version, is believed to have the NATO
designator AS-18 'Kazoo'. Some details were first released in 1992, when it was apparent that the
Kh-59M was a turbojet-powered version of AS-13 'Kingbolt' with the Russian designator Kh-59. A
complete Kh-59M missile was shown at an exhibition in 1993. A Russian review of tactical nuclear
weapons suggests that a version of AS-18, possibly with the designator Kh-20, has a nuclear warhead. It
is believed that Kh-59M has been cleared for carriage on the MiG-27 'Flogger', Su-24 'Fencer' and
Su-25 'Frogfoot' aircraft. Earlier Russian documents indicated that a separate ship-launched version,
with a tandem-mounted boost motor, had also been developed with a total weight of 1,000 kg, but it is
not known if this version ever entered service. In 1995, a report suggested that a 200 km range version
had been designed and was being offered for export, but no further reports have been seen. In 1999,
there was an unconfirmed report that an imaging IR seeker had been developed for AS-18.
Description:
Kh-59M is similar to the AS-13 'Kingbolt' (Kh-59) missile, but Kh-59M has four narrow swept and clipped delta flip out fins at the nose, and a turbojet engine fitted under the rear body in a separate pod
assembly. The missile has a length of 5.69 m, a body diameter of 380 mm, a wing span of 1.3 m and a
launch weight of 920 kg. Guidance in mid-course is inertial with command updates and there is a
TV-command guidance system used for the terminal phase. The operator receives a data linked picture
from the TV camera in the missile's nose, and places a marker on their display over the selected target,
with the resultant control signals relayed to the missile back over the datalink. Russian reports state that
the accuracy is 3 to 5 m CEP. The launch aircraft carries a datalink pod, the same APK-9 pod used in
the AS-13 'Kingbolt' system, which is 4.0 m long, has a diameter of 450 mm and a weight of 260 kg.
The Kh-59M warhead weighs 320 kg and is believed to be an HE blast penetration type. There is also
an alternative 280 kg cluster submunition warhead. It is possible that there is also a nuclear warhead
option, probably with a selectable yield between 10 and 100 kT. The missile flies at low level with a
radio altimeter, which can be set at 7 m over water or at 100, 200, 600 or 1,000 m altitude over land.
The cruise speed is M0.8. The maximum range with lock on before launch is 60 km and with aircrew
updates is 115 km. The minimum range is about 20 km. The AS-18 missile is carried on an AKU-58
pylon rail launcher.
Operational Status:
It is believed that AS-18 'Kazoo' entered service in 1991 and it was first offered for export in 1992.
However, unconfirmed reports in 1994 indicated that only early production missiles were in service and
that a full production contract had still to be placed. The present position is unclear and there are no
confirmed exports. A report in 1995 suggested that an improved version had been designed for export,
with a range of 200 km.
Specifications
Length: 5.69 m
Body diameter: 380 mm
Wing span: 1.30 m
Launch weight: 920 kg
Warhead: 320 kg HE, 280 kg HE submunitions, or 10 to 100 kT nuclear
Fuze: n/k
Guidance: Inertial and TV-command
Propulsion: Turbojet
Range: 115 km
Contractor: The missile was developed by Raduga NPO, Moscow, and built by the Smolensk Aircraft Manufacturing Plant.
 | www.aviation.ru/09-Feb-2010 16:13:51 MSK |
